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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, brain, and blood vessels. In SLE, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, leading to inflammation and damage. The exact cause of SLE is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors.One of the hallmark features of SLE is its wide range of symptoms, which can vary greatly from person to person and can also fluctuate over time. Common symptoms include fatigue, joint pain and stiffness, skin rashes (such as the classic "butterfly" rash across the cheeks and nose), fever, photosensitivity (sensitivity to sunlight), hair loss, mouth ulcers, and chest pain with deep breathing.SLE can also cause complications in various organs and systems of the body. For example, inflammation of the kidneys (known as lupus nephritis) can lead to kidney damage and impaired function. Inflammation of the heart and blood vessels can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Inflammation of the brain and nervous system can cause headaches, confusion, seizures, and other neurological symptoms.
About the Speaker
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Dr. Shanmuganandan Krishnan
Professor SBMCH, Consultant Rheumatology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai
Brig (Prof.) Krishnan. Shanmuganandan, a distinguished medical professional, brings over 30 years of extensive teaching and clinical experience to the field of medicine. With a robust academic background including an MBBS and MD in Medicine from AFMC, as well as specialized training in Rheumatology, HIV Medicine, and Health Research Methodology, he has continuously contributed to medical education and research. Currently serving as a Professor at SBMCH/BIHER and a Consultant Rheumatologist at prestigious institutions such as Apollo Hospitals and Rela Hospitals in Chennai, Dr. Shanmuganandan excels in clinical problem-solving and diagnosis. His expertise extends to digital health, biosimilar use, immunoinflammatory syndromes, and post-COVID hyperinflammatory immune syndromes. A recipient of commendation medals and awards, he has also been actively involved in editorial roles, MCI assessment, and various professional associations, showcasing his commitment to advancing medical knowledge and healthcare practices in India.
Upcoming Case Discussions
Clinician’s Approach to Hypertensive Nephropathy
Many processes influence the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and lead to the development of hypertension in the disease. Increased sympathetic tone in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a result of afferent signals produced by functionally failing kidneys. The great majority of CKD patients suffer from hypertension, which can both cause and result from the disease. In people with CKD, controlling hypertension is crucial since it lowers the risk of CVD and slows the disease's course. There is no agreement on the ideal blood pressure (BP) targets provided by current guidelines. Consequently, when deciding how to care specific patients.
Anaphylaxis In Emergency Department
A dangerous systemic hypersensitivity reaction with a typically quick onset that can be fatal is anaphylaxis. Rapid onset of breathing, circulation,and/or airway issues are its defining characteristics. The most crucial treatment is intramuscular adrenaline, although many patients do not receive it even in medical facilities, despite recommendations to the contrary. The significance of positioning during the management of anaphylaxis and the necessity of avoiding activities that could postpone the timely and proper delivery of adrenaline. Antihistamines should only be used as a last resort when ABC characteristics have been successfully treated in order to lessen skin involvement.
Circulatory Shock In Trauma
The inability of the circulatory system to supply tissue oxygenation and organ perfusion necessary to meet cellular metabolic demands is known as shock. Although non-haemorrhagic shock, such as cardiogenic or neurogenic shock, can occur after trauma, hemorrhage is more frequently linked to trauma-related shock. Evidence gathered over the past ten years has shown that trauma patients suffer from acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC), which is brought on by the actual process of injury. Damage control resuscitation (DCR), the current method for managing acute shock, was developed with this as a key component. Haemostatic resuscitation, which uses blood products as the main resuscitative fluid, permissive hypotension, and damage control surgery are the three main resuscitative techniques included in DCR.
Fertilization & Early Development
Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell merges with an egg cell, creating a zygote, which is the first stage of a new life. This process takes place in the fallopian tube. The zygote then undergoes rapid cell division, known as cleavage, forming a multi-cellular structure called a blastocyst. As the blastocyst moves toward the uterus, it continues to divide and develop. Approximately 5-7 days after fertilization, the blastocyst implants itself into the uterine lining, initiating pregnancy. Early development involves the formation of the foundational structures and systems that will shape the embryo.
Normalizing Conversations on Mental Health
Normalizing conversations about mental health is essential to breaking the stigma that surrounds mental illness. Open discussions encourage individuals to seek help without fear of judgment, making mental health care more accessible. By talking about mental health as we do physical health, we create a supportive environment where people feel understood and accepted. Education and awareness play crucial roles in changing perceptions and promoting empathy. When mental health becomes a regular part of our conversations, it fosters early intervention and better coping strategies. This cultural shift can lead to improved overall well-being and a reduction in mental health crises.