Infective Endocarditis: Diagnosis and Management

Infective endocarditis (IE) carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Rapid diagnosis, effective treatment, and prompt recognition of complications are essential to good patient outcomes. Therapy of IE caused by the more commonly encountered organisms, including streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, and the HACEK organisms (Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Actinobacillus [Haemophilus] actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella species, and Kingella species). Echocardiography plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of IE.

Pericarditis- beyond the basics( Doubt clearing session)

Echocardiography in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

Non-invasive imaging, particularly echocardiography, plays a central role in the evaluation for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Echocardiography helps to rule in HFpEF among patients with unexplained dyspnea when the diagnosis is uncertain. In established HFpEF, echocardiography provides important insights into pathophysiology and phenotyping, such as isolated left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, left atrial dysfunction, abnormal right ventricular- pulmonary artery coupling, ischemia, or obesity phenotypes

TAVR- Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

A "sternotomy," in which the chest is surgically divided (opened) for the procedure, is typically required for valve replacement. All of the chest bones can remain in place when the TAVR or TAVI procedures are performed through extremely small incisions. There are two methods that can be used. Using a minimally invasive surgical approach with a small chest incision and entering through a large artery in the chest or through the tip of the left ventricle (the apex), which is known as the transapical approach, or through the femoral artery (large artery in the groyne), the transfemoral approach, which does not require a surgical incision in the chest.

Pulmonary Embolism

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a clump of material, most often a blood clot, gets stuck in an artery in the lungs, blocking the flow of blood. Blood clots most commonly come from the deep veins of your legs, a condition known as deep vein thrombosis. In many cases, multiple clots are involved. The portions of the lung served by each blocked artery can't get blood and may die. This is known as a pulmonary infarction. This makes it more difficult for your lungs to provide oxygen to the rest of your body.