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Case Presentation of Low Flow Aortic Stenosis
The definition of severe aortic stenosis has classically and retrospectively been based on the natural history of patients with medically managed aortic stenosis and preserved left ventricular function in an era where surgical aortic valve replacement was the sole therapy. We now recognize that this disease is more heterogeneous and includes important subsets of patients with low stroke volume index (low flow) and low-gradients with reduced (classical) or preserved (paradoxical) ejection fraction. These patients pose diagnostic and treatment dilemmas, requiring a comprehensive assessment with integration of multimodality imaging, testing, and clinical assessment. Surgery in these patients has been associated with higher operative mortality and lower long-term survival.
About the Speaker

Dr. Panigrahi N K
MBBS, MD,DNB(Cardiology) Apollo Hospitals ,Vizag

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Infective Endocarditis: Diagnosis and Management
Among the finest Cardiologists in the city, Dr. Rajib Lochan Bhanja (Apollo Hospitals) in Bilaspur H O, Bilaspur-chhattisgarh is known for offering excellent patient care. The doctor holds an experience of 8 years and has extensive knowledge in the respective field of medicine. The clinic is located centrally in Bilaspur H O, a prominent locality in the city.The doctor is an esteemed member of Member Of Cardiological Society Of India (CSI), Member Of The Association Of Physicians Of India (API) and this only adds to the credibility of the doctor.
Infective Endocarditis: Diagnosis and Management
Infective endocarditis (IE) carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Rapid diagnosis, effective treatment, and prompt recognition of complications are essential to good patient outcomes. Therapy of IE caused by the more commonly encountered organisms, including streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, and the HACEK organisms (Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Actinobacillus [Haemophilus] actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella species, and Kingella species). Echocardiography plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of IE.
Echocardiography in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Non-invasive imaging, particularly echocardiography, plays a central role in the evaluation for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Echocardiography helps to rule in HFpEF among patients with unexplained dyspnea when the diagnosis is uncertain. In established HFpEF, echocardiography provides important insights into pathophysiology and phenotyping, such as isolated left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, left atrial dysfunction, abnormal right ventricular- pulmonary artery coupling, ischemia, or obesity phenotypes
TAVR- Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
A "sternotomy," in which the chest is surgically divided (opened) for the procedure, is typically required for valve replacement. All of the chest bones can remain in place when the TAVR or TAVI procedures are performed through extremely small incisions. There are two methods that can be used. Using a minimally invasive surgical approach with a small chest incision and entering through a large artery in the chest or through the tip of the left ventricle (the apex), which is known as the transapical approach, or through the femoral artery (large artery in the groyne), the transfemoral approach, which does not require a surgical incision in the chest.