التهاب المعدة والأمعاء الفيروسي الحاد عند الأطفال: السمات السريرية والتشخيص

Acute viral gastroenteritis is a common condition in children, typically caused by viruses such as rotavirus, norovirus, or adenovirus, leading to inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical features include sudden onset of vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and sometimes dehydration, which can be severe, especially in younger children. Children with viral gastroenteritis may exhibit symptoms of lethargy, decreased urine output, dry mucous membranes, and poor feeding due to nausea and abdominal discomfort. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical presentation, with stool studies occasionally performed to identify the specific virus responsible. Physical examination may reveal signs of dehydration, such as sunken eyes, decreased skin turgor, and rapid heart rate, requiring prompt fluid rehydration. Treatment focuses on supportive care, including oral or intravenous rehydration to prevent and manage dehydration, and adequate nutrition to support recovery. Antiemetics may be considered for persistent vomiting, while antibiotics are generally not indicated unless bacterial coinfection is suspected.