Description
Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) remains a major contributor to child morbidity and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. This webinar explores evidence-based strategies for the identification and management of SAM through both facility-based care and community-based models. Participants will gain practical insights into stabilization protocols, nutritional rehabilitation, and follow-up care, along with the integration of community health systems for early detection and prevention. The session aims to strengthen clinical decision-making and programmatic implementation to improve child survival outcomes.
Summary Listen
- Nutrition is the provision of materials needed for an organism's life support and energy, distinct from food, which is simply what we eat. Nutrition influences growth, development, weight, height, body structure, and subsequent health outcomes. Nutritional deficiencies can limit growth, immunity, and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in children under 5.
- Malnutrition encompasses both undernutrition and overnutrition. Overnutrition can lead to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions, emphasizing the importance of balanced intake. Nutrients are categorized into macronutrients (fats, proteins, carbohydrates) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals).
- Macronutrients are needed in large quantities and serve as building blocks, while micronutrients are needed in smaller amounts but are crucial for metabolic pathways. Energy balance is achieved through both intake and expenditure, which includes basal metabolic rate, energy for food absorption and digestion, physical activity, and growth and development.
- Fats, proteins, and carbohydrates provide energy, with fats yielding nine calories per gram and carbohydrates and proteins yielding four. Fats, diverse esters of fatty acids, include triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol, playing structural and functional roles in cell membranes and hormone production.
- Proteins, the second most abundant substance in the body, are essential for tissue synthesis, growth, and enzyme formation. Essential amino acids must be obtained from the diet. Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy, divided into simple and complex forms, with excess converted into glycogen or fat. Fiber, a non-digestible carbohydrate, aids fermentation, promotes gut motility, and regulates sugar absorption.
- Malnutrition affects a significant global population, particularly in developing countries. In India, a large percentage of children are underweight or stunted. Protein-energy malnutrition was initially identified through conditions like Kwashiorkor and Marasmus, with classifications based on weight for age, height, and the presence of edema.
- Treatment approaches involve stabilization and rehabilitation phases. The stabilization phase addresses immediate complications like hypoglycemia and dehydration, while the rehabilitation phase focuses on addressing electrolyte imbalances and supplementation. Small, frequent feeding with specialized formulas like F-75 and F-100, alongside sensory stimulation and emotional support, are essential.
- Discharge criteria include reaching a target weight and demonstrating caregiver understanding. Inpatient treatment guidelines include addressing emergency conditions like shock and severe anemia, treating associated deficiencies, and monitoring responsiveness to treatment. Regular monitoring is essential.
Sample Certificate
About the Speakers
Dr. Mettu Pradeep Reddy
Professor of Pediatrics, Maheshwara Medical College & Hospital and Malla Reddy Medical College for Women
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