Description
Cervical cancer can often be prevented by having regular screenings with Pap tests and human papillomavirus (HPV) tests to find any precancers and treat them. It can also be prevented by receiving the HPV vaccine. To help prevent cervical cancer, HPV vaccination is recommended for all adolescents as part of their routine vaccines. It may be given starting at age 9. ASCO recommends that all women receive at least 1 HPV test, at a minimum, to screen for cervical cancer in their lifetime, with general frequencies being between every 5 to 10 years.
Summary Listen
- Cervical cancer, often linked to HPV infections, remains a significant health concern, particularly in low and middle-income countries. While HPV infections are common and often resolve on their own, persistent infections with pathogenic strains can lead to cervical cancer over time. Other factors like genetics, environmental influences, and even the vaginal microbiome, also play a role.
- Global incidence and mortality rates for cervical cancer are disproportionately high in developing nations in Africa, South America, and parts of Asia. In contrast, Western countries have seen a decline, partly due to widespread adoption of HPV vaccines. India, however, faces challenges in vaccine adoption due to social stigmas.
- Effective cervical cancer screening programs are essential for early detection and intervention. Pap smears and liquid cytology tests are readily available for detecting HPV infections and abnormal cells, facilitating follow-up care. Point-of-care HPV tests are also in development, potentially improving accessibility.
- Early signs and symptoms of cervical cancer include abnormal vaginal discharge, bleeding during intercourse, and menstrual irregularities. When the cancer spreads, symptoms may mimic urinary or gastrointestinal issues. Collaboration between specialists, such as gastroenterologists and gynecologists, is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
- Treatment for cervical cancer typically involves surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Advances in radiation techniques, like internal radiation, minimize side effects. Emerging therapies, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) like Tisotumab vedotin, offer more targeted approaches with improved outcomes. ADC's conjugating with radio ligands are a promising area of ongoing research.
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About the Speakers
Dr. Shibichakravarthy Kannan
Precision Oncology, Founder & CEO in Oncophenomics Inc., Hyderabad
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