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Ultrasound in ER
Ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic tool that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the inside of the body. It can be performed at the bedside, which allows for rapid diagnosis and treatment. Ultrasound is particularly useful in ER because it does not expose the patient to ionizing radiation, unlike X-ray and CT scans. It is also useful in evaluating pregnancy-related emergencies such as ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage.
About the Speaker
Dr Shefali Sharma
Head & Assistant Director Department of Emergency Medicine & Trauma Center Tender Palm Superspeciality Hospital
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Trauma- Case Presentation
Trauma refers to a serious injury or shock that the body experiences due to accidents, falls, violence, or other harmful events. Trauma can cause physical harm to various body parts, such as bones, organs, and tissues, and it can also affect a person's emotional and psychological well-being. In medical settings, trauma care involves quick and careful assessment, stabilization, and treatment of injuries to prevent further harm and promote healing. This often requires a coordinated effort among medical professionals, including emergency responders, doctors, nurses, and surgeons, who work together to provide timely and effective care to individuals who have experienced trauma.
Systematic Interpretation of Spinal X Rays
Interpreting spinal X-rays involves a systematic approach to assessing the bony structures of the spine and their alignment. Key aspects include: Analyzing the vertebral bodies' alignment along the central axis, looking for any shifts, tilts, or rotations that could indicate spinal deformities or injuries. Evaluating the spaces between vertebral bodies for uniformity, narrowing, or widening, which could indicate disc degeneration, herniation, or infection. Observing the intervertebral discs for signs of height loss, which might suggest degenerative disc disease or trauma. Identifying any irregularities in vertebral body shape, such as wedging, which might indicate fractures or deformities like Scheuermann's disease. Assessing the alignment and spacing of these structures for fractures, dislocations, or signs of spinal stenosis. Ensuring their symmetry and alignment while looking for signs of fractures, tumors, or developmental anomalies.
Different types of shock: Case presentation
Hypovolemic shock occurs due to severe blood or fluid loss, leading to inadequate circulating volume. Cardiogenic shock results from the inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's needs.Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction that causes widespread dilation of blood vessels and a drop in blood pressure. Septic shock arises from a severe infection that triggers a systemic inflammatory response and damages blood vessels. Neurogenic shock is caused by the disruption of the autonomic nervous system, leading to widespread vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. Obstructive shock occurs when there is an obstruction to blood flow, such as a pulmonary embolism or cardiac tamponade. Distributive shock is characterized by excessive vasodilation and the pooling of blood in the peripheral vessels. Distributive shock is characterized by excessive vasodilation and the pooling of blood in the peripheral vessels. Cardiac tamponade is a type of obstructive shock caused by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, compressing the heart. Tension pneumothorax is another obstructive shock caused by the buildup of air in the pleural space, compressing the lungs and heart. Spinal shock results from spinal cord injury, causing temporary loss of sympathetic nervous system function and hypotension. Toxic shock syndrome is a rare but life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins, often associated with tampon use.
Anatomical Localization of Ischemic Stroke
An ischemic stroke is defined by the abrupt loss of blood flow to a region of the brain, which is followed by an impairment of neurologic function. The thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a cerebral artery causes acute ischemic stroke, which occurs more frequently than hemorrhagic stroke. Stroke assessment is traditionally aided by clinical localization, in which presenting deficits are linked to specific arterial locations in the brain. Although they are essential for delivering evidence-based stroke care, clinical localization skills are rarely taught to non-neurologists. They enable rapid patient identification, diagnosis, and, ultimately, the administration of immediate treatment. Despite advanced neuroimaging and laboratory research, technology cannot replace the clinician's history and examination-based anatomical localisation. Standard imaging tests may overlook lesions unless they are narrowly focused on the anatomical region thought to be affected. Understanding the system's architecture, physiology, blood supply, and the disease processes that influence it are necessary for localization.
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Dr Shefali Sharma's Talks on Assimilate
- 2nd-February-2023, TIME : 5:00PM - 6:00PM
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Ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic tool that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the inside of the body. It can be performed at the bedside, which allows for rapid diagnosis and treatment. Ultrasound is particularly useful in ER because it does not expose the patient to ionizing radiation, unlike X-ray and CT scans. It is also useful in evaluating pregnancy-related emergencies such as ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage.