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Role of Imaging in Neurosciences
Imaging plays a pivotal role in neurosciences by providing non-invasive, detailed insights into the structure and function of the nervous system. Techniques like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Functional MRI (fMRI), and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) allow for the visualization of brain anatomy, the mapping of neural activity, and the observation of biochemical processes, respectively. These imaging modalities have revolutionized the understanding of neurological and psychiatric disorders by enabling the identification of structural abnormalities, functional impairments, and neurochemical imbalances. Advanced imaging techniques, such as Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), further facilitate the study of white matter integrity and neural connectivity, offering valuable information about the brain's communication pathways. Imaging is also critical in pre-surgical planning, guiding interventions, and monitoring disease progression or response to treatment. Overall, the integration of various imaging technologies has significantly advanced both research and clinical practice in neurosciences, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, therapeutic strategies, and our fundamental understanding of brain function and dysfunction.
About the Speaker
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Dr. Laxminadh Sivaraju
Senior Consultant Neurosurgeon, Care Hospitals, Hyderabad
Dr. Laxminadh Sivaraju is a highly accomplished neurosurgeon currently serving as a Consultant at Continental Hospitals in Hyderabad, India. With an extensive educational background that includes an M.Ch in Neurosurgery from Christian Medical College, Vellore, and an MBBS from Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, he has demonstrated a steadfast commitment to his profession and patients. His career spans various prestigious institutions where he has gained significant experience in complex neurosurgical procedures, including craniovertebral junction surgeries, epilepsy surgeries, and complex spinal surgeries. Dr. Sivaraju has been recognized with numerous awards, including the Best Paper in Neurosurgery at the 65th Annual Conference of the Neurological Society of India, and has contributed prolifically to peer-reviewed journals, enhancing the field of neurosurgery with his research. He is actively involved in professional societies and has participated in numerous national and international conferences and workshops, further cementing his status as a leading expert in his field.
Upcoming Case Discussions
Clinician’s Approach to Hypertensive Nephropathy
Many processes influence the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and lead to the development of hypertension in the disease. Increased sympathetic tone in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a result of afferent signals produced by functionally failing kidneys. The great majority of CKD patients suffer from hypertension, which can both cause and result from the disease. In people with CKD, controlling hypertension is crucial since it lowers the risk of CVD and slows the disease's course. There is no agreement on the ideal blood pressure (BP) targets provided by current guidelines. Consequently, when deciding how to care specific patients.
Anaphylaxis In Emergency Department
A dangerous systemic hypersensitivity reaction with a typically quick onset that can be fatal is anaphylaxis. Rapid onset of breathing, circulation,and/or airway issues are its defining characteristics. The most crucial treatment is intramuscular adrenaline, although many patients do not receive it even in medical facilities, despite recommendations to the contrary. The significance of positioning during the management of anaphylaxis and the necessity of avoiding activities that could postpone the timely and proper delivery of adrenaline. Antihistamines should only be used as a last resort when ABC characteristics have been successfully treated in order to lessen skin involvement.
Circulatory Shock In Trauma
The inability of the circulatory system to supply tissue oxygenation and organ perfusion necessary to meet cellular metabolic demands is known as shock. Although non-haemorrhagic shock, such as cardiogenic or neurogenic shock, can occur after trauma, hemorrhage is more frequently linked to trauma-related shock. Evidence gathered over the past ten years has shown that trauma patients suffer from acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC), which is brought on by the actual process of injury. Damage control resuscitation (DCR), the current method for managing acute shock, was developed with this as a key component. Haemostatic resuscitation, which uses blood products as the main resuscitative fluid, permissive hypotension, and damage control surgery are the three main resuscitative techniques included in DCR.
Fertilization & Early Development
Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell merges with an egg cell, creating a zygote, which is the first stage of a new life. This process takes place in the fallopian tube. The zygote then undergoes rapid cell division, known as cleavage, forming a multi-cellular structure called a blastocyst. As the blastocyst moves toward the uterus, it continues to divide and develop. Approximately 5-7 days after fertilization, the blastocyst implants itself into the uterine lining, initiating pregnancy. Early development involves the formation of the foundational structures and systems that will shape the embryo.
Metabolic Syndrome and Heart Health
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. These conditions include high blood pressure, elevated blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. When these risk factors occur together, they amplify the risk of developing cardiovascular issues. Metabolic syndrome is closely linked to insulin resistance, where the body struggles to use insulin effectively. Lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management, are crucial in managing the syndrome. Early intervention is essential to prevent the progression to heart disease and other complications.