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Abdomen the Pandora’s Box
The abdomen is often referred to as "Pandora's Box" due to the complexity and range of potential issues it can present. It houses numerous vital organs, including the stomach, liver, intestines, pancreas, and kidneys, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. Symptoms originating in the abdomen can be vague and nonspecific, often requiring comprehensive evaluation to identify the underlying cause. Conditions ranging from benign gastrointestinal disorders to life-threatening emergencies like perforations or obstructions can manifest similarly. Advanced diagnostic tools such as imaging and endoscopy are essential for accurate assessment. Understanding the intricate anatomy and interconnections within the abdomen is crucial for effective medical intervention.
About the Speaker
Dr. Vikram Ananthakrishnan
Senior Consultant Surgical Gastroenterologist, Agada Hospital, Chennai
Dr. A.Vikram graduated from Madras Medical College, MMC and pursued Masters in General Surgery from Grant Medical College, Mumbai on merit. Dr. Vikram then traveled to England as a Specialist Registrar where he trained in Laparoscopy and Endoscopy. He further obtained FRCS from Royal College of Surgeons of Glasgow and subsequently passed the D.N.B (Diplomate National Board) in Surgical Gastroenterology from New Delhi. For the last 20 years, he has been actively sharing knowledge and publishing papers with many international journals in Surgical Gastroenterology. Dr. Vikram is a specialized and trained expert in handling advanced Laparoscopic Procedures, Surgery for Malignancy (Cancers), all therapeutic Endoscopic Procedures and Laser Surgery for Anal Procedures. One of the pioneers of fast track surgery(Day care surgery ) and specialist in tension free mesh repairs for a hernia.
Upcoming Case Discussions
Clinician’s Approach to Hypertensive Nephropathy
Many processes influence the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and lead to the development of hypertension in the disease. Increased sympathetic tone in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a result of afferent signals produced by functionally failing kidneys. The great majority of CKD patients suffer from hypertension, which can both cause and result from the disease. In people with CKD, controlling hypertension is crucial since it lowers the risk of CVD and slows the disease's course. There is no agreement on the ideal blood pressure (BP) targets provided by current guidelines. Consequently, when deciding how to care specific patients.
Anaphylaxis In Emergency Department
A dangerous systemic hypersensitivity reaction with a typically quick onset that can be fatal is anaphylaxis. Rapid onset of breathing, circulation,and/or airway issues are its defining characteristics. The most crucial treatment is intramuscular adrenaline, although many patients do not receive it even in medical facilities, despite recommendations to the contrary. The significance of positioning during the management of anaphylaxis and the necessity of avoiding activities that could postpone the timely and proper delivery of adrenaline. Antihistamines should only be used as a last resort when ABC characteristics have been successfully treated in order to lessen skin involvement.
Circulatory Shock In Trauma
The inability of the circulatory system to supply tissue oxygenation and organ perfusion necessary to meet cellular metabolic demands is known as shock. Although non-haemorrhagic shock, such as cardiogenic or neurogenic shock, can occur after trauma, hemorrhage is more frequently linked to trauma-related shock. Evidence gathered over the past ten years has shown that trauma patients suffer from acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC), which is brought on by the actual process of injury. Damage control resuscitation (DCR), the current method for managing acute shock, was developed with this as a key component. Haemostatic resuscitation, which uses blood products as the main resuscitative fluid, permissive hypotension, and damage control surgery are the three main resuscitative techniques included in DCR.
Fertilization & Early Development
Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell merges with an egg cell, creating a zygote, which is the first stage of a new life. This process takes place in the fallopian tube. The zygote then undergoes rapid cell division, known as cleavage, forming a multi-cellular structure called a blastocyst. As the blastocyst moves toward the uterus, it continues to divide and develop. Approximately 5-7 days after fertilization, the blastocyst implants itself into the uterine lining, initiating pregnancy. Early development involves the formation of the foundational structures and systems that will shape the embryo.
Metabolic Syndrome and Heart Health
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. These conditions include high blood pressure, elevated blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. When these risk factors occur together, they amplify the risk of developing cardiovascular issues. Metabolic syndrome is closely linked to insulin resistance, where the body struggles to use insulin effectively. Lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management, are crucial in managing the syndrome. Early intervention is essential to prevent the progression to heart disease and other complications.
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