Keterangan
Shoulder impingement syndrome is a common cause of shoulder pain characterized by the compression or impingement of the rotator cuff tendons and subacromial bursa between the acromion (a bony prominence on the shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone). This condition often results from repetitive overhead arm movements, such as those seen in sports or certain occupational activities, leading to inflammation and irritation of the structures within the subacromial space. Individuals with shoulder impingement syndrome typically experience pain, especially when lifting the arm overhead or during specific shoulder movements. Conservative treatments, including rest, physical therapy to strengthen the rotator cuff muscles, anti-inflammatory medications, and modification of activities, are often effective in managing symptoms. In some cases, if conservative measures are not successful, corticosteroid injections or, rarely, surgical intervention may be considered to alleviate impingement and restore shoulder function. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential for optimal outcomes in individuals with shoulder impingement syndrome.
Ringkasan
- Air pollution is defined as the degradation of the natural atmospheric composition by human or natural sources, causing adverse effects on humans, flora, and fauna. Common pollutants include dust, soot, carcinogenic materials from fires and volcanoes, and emissions from burning fossil fuels, power plants, and motor vehicles. Air quality indices, especially in regions like Delhi NCR, are alarmingly high, indicating severe pollution levels due to PM2.5 emissions.
- The link between air pollution and cancer is growing, with a notable increase in lung cancer cases among non-smokers in recent decades. Air pollution is now considered as dangerous as smoking by the WHO. Cities like Delhi exhibit higher cancer incidence compared to others, attributed to air pollution. Leading cancers include oral cavity, lung, and esophageal cancers in males, and breast and cervical cancers in females.
- Several factors contribute to Delhi's high pollution levels, including increasing population, unplanned development, vehicular traffic, industrial base, and reliance on fossil fuels. The landlocked geography and stubble burning further exacerbate the problem. Road dust, vehicle emissions, and industrial pollutants are significant contributors to PM2.5 levels.
- Pollutants like particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide cause inflammation and can lead to cancer, especially with long-term exposure. Heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, and chromium, along with pesticides and industrial chemicals, also pose cancer risks. These pollutants can disrupt hormone balance and DNA, leading to various types of cancers.
- Common cancers linked to air pollution include lung, breast, liver, head, and neck cancers. Studies show a correlation between exposure to PM2.5 and an increased risk of breast cancer. Air pollution negatively impacts the survival rates of individuals treated for breast cancer. Symptoms in areas with high pollution include throat pain, shortness of breath, and persistent sore throat, resembling head and neck cancer symptoms.
- Mitigation strategies include wearing masks with filters, limiting outdoor activities, using air purifiers, staying hydrated, and consuming antioxidant-rich foods. Prioritizing renewable energy sources and environmental safe products are vital. Further research on population density and pollution mitigation is needed. Air pollution is a major global health threat, causing millions of deaths annually.
Contoh Sertifikat
Tentang Pembicara
Dr. Youssef Fallaha
Dokter Spesialis Bedah Ortopedi & Konsultan, Mediclinic Welcare, DXB
Pengungkapan Keuangan
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