Keterangan
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of visual loss in western adults of working age. Among diabetes mellitus microvascular complications, this is the most common. When the retina is damaged to the point of threatening vision, diabetic retinopathy can cause blindness. People with diabetes can suffer from diabetic retinopathy. The retina is damaged when blood vessels are damaged by high blood sugar levels. There is a possibility of swelling and leakage of these blood vessels. They can also close, preventing blood from passing through.
Ringkasan
- The session began with a discussion on diabetic retinopathy, highlighting its rising prevalence in India, where approximately one-third of the 80 million diagnosed diabetics are at risk. The condition's development hinges on factors like diabetes duration, glycemic control, and the presence of hypertension, hypolipidemia, smoking, nephropathy, neuropathy, or cardiovascular diseases. Notably, a 2013 survey ranked diabetic retinopathy as the fifth leading cause of vision loss globally among diabetics.
- The discussion then turned to the classification of diabetic retinopathy, distinguishing between non-proliferative (NPDR) and proliferative (PDR) forms. NPDR is further categorized into mild, moderate, severe, and very severe stages. PDR is characterized by neovascularization. The severity of NPDR is determined by the presence of microaneurysms, retinal hemorrhages, Venus beading, and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities.
- Screening for diabetic retinopathy involves regular eye checkups, especially for patients with a diabetes duration exceeding five years or those exhibiting symptoms. The frequency of these checkups depends on the severity of the condition, ranging from every 6-12 months for mild NPDR to less than one month for PDR cases. Intensive glycemic control, blood pressure management, and lipid level monitoring are vital during these intervals.
- Management strategies vary according to the classification. Mild and moderate NPDR typically warrant regular monitoring, while severe and very severe NPDR may necessitate early treatment with panretinal photocoagulation. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is treated with panretinal photocoagulation and anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) antibodies. Vitrectomy is considered as a last resort for advanced cases where other treatments have proven ineffective.
- Additional topics addressed were the use of direct ophthalmoscopy for better vision during screening and considerations for vitrectomy, particularly in cases of vitreous hemorrhage. Anti-VEGF antibodies are employed to combat neovascularization. Factors such as the duration of diabetes, blood pressure, lipid levels, smoking, pregnancy, and comorbidities like nephropathy influence the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy.
- The session also explored the potential influence of gender on the development of the condition, citing some US-based studies that suggested a higher predisposition among men. Despite this, the importance of regular monitoring and management across all diabetic patients, irrespective of gender, was emphasized.
Contoh Sertifikat
Tentang Pembicara
Dr.Swathi Panbude
Asisten Profesor, Biokimia, Datta Megha Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha
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