Keterangan
Asthma is a common, non-communicable, and variable chronic disease that can cause episodic or persistent respiratory symptoms (such as shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, and cough), as well as airflow limitation, the latter of which is brought on by bronchoconstriction, airway wall thickening, and increased mucus. It affects as many as 235 million people worldwide and is frequently misdiagnosed and undertreated, especially in low- and middle-income nations.
Asthma is a chronic condition that requires continuing, comprehensive care aimed at reducing symptom burden (i.e., excellent symptom management while maintaining normal activity levels) and reducing the probability of adverse events such exacerbations, fixed airflow restriction, and side effects from therapy.
Ringkasan
- The speaker discussed the rising prevalence of asthma, noting its impact on both children and adults, and emphasized the importance of accurate diagnosis and proper management. He highlighted misconceptions surrounding asthma, emphasizing that symptoms can appear at any age and that not all children outgrow it. The pathophysiology of asthma involves triggers leading to airway inflammation and bronchospasm, resulting in symptoms like wheezing and breathlessness.
- Asthma diagnosis involves considering patient history, lung function measurements like spirometry, and allergy testing. Spirometry helps identify obstructive airway patterns and reversibility, while methacholine challenge tests are useful for diagnosing mild cases. Exhaled nitric oxide serves as a marker for eosinophilic inflammation, useful for monitoring asthma control.
- Treatment options for asthma include trigger avoidance, environmental control, and pharmacotherapy. Inhaled corticosteroids are the cornerstone of asthma management, and long-acting beta-agonists play a role in preventing exacerbations. Biologic treatments targeting IgE or interleukins are reserved for severe cases and managed by specialists.
- The speaker presented two case studies to illustrate the complexities of asthma management. In one case, a young adult with late-onset asthma responded to an IgE-targeting biologic after failing to respond to an eosinophil-targeting agent. The second case showed a patient requiring high doses of steroids who experienced significant improvement with a dual IL-4/IL-13 inhibitor.
- The importance of recognizing the difference between moderate, acute, and life-threatening asthma cases was discussed. Additionally, managing patient expectations, emphasizing proper inhaler technique, and regular reviews were cited as pivotal factors for successful asthma control. The speaker also briefly discussed the management of asthma exacerbations, and emphasized considering specialist referrals when the diagnosis is unclear, in severe cases, or when conventional treatments fail.
Contoh Sertifikat
Tentang Pembicara
Dr. Sherif Fayed
MBchB, Msc, MD, PhD, FRCP(Glasg), FCCP Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Consultant
Pengungkapan Keuangan
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