Description
GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) play a significant role in weight loss by enhancing insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon release, and slowing gastric emptying, which helps reduce appetite and food intake. These medications, originally developed for managing type 2 diabetes, have been shown to promote substantial weight loss in overweight and obese individuals, even in the absence of diabetes. GLP-1 RAs, such as liraglutide and semaglutide, have been approved for weight management and are often used alongside lifestyle interventions. Their effectiveness in weight loss, combined with improved metabolic control, makes them a promising treatment option for individuals struggling with obesity.
Summary Listen
- GLP-1 receptor agonists are novel drugs initially commissioned for type 2 diabetes but found to enable significant weight loss. These drugs work on the GLP receptor and are effective in helping patients lose weight, primarily through injectable forms, although an oral version is available. Beyond weight loss, they offer benefits in managing pre-diabetes and diabetes, neuroprotective effects, cardiovascular benefits, and improved metabolic health.
- These drugs differ from earlier weight loss medications, such as Orlistat, in their effectiveness and tolerability. While earlier medications resulted in only about 4-5% weight loss and had many adverse effects, GLP-1 receptor agonists can enable weight loss of 15-25% in long-term studies. Specific medications include Dulaglutide, Semaglutide (Ozempic), and Tirzepatide (Mounjaro), with the latter showing promising results.
- Clinical outcomes of using GLP-1 RAs show effectiveness in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Ozempic injections can lead to approximately 15% weight loss, while Mounjaro can assist in 20-25% weight loss over the long term. Treatment typically begins with a low dose and is gradually increased.
- GLP-1 receptor agonists improve insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism by increasing insulin secretion, reducing glucagon secretion, and improving glucose utilization. The incidence of hypoglycemia with these drugs is low, and they can be combined with other oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin.
- GLP-1 RAs also benefit patients with metabolic syndrome or pre-diabetes arising from obesity by addressing metabolic parameters and promoting weight loss. These drugs have anti-inflammatory effects, which are beneficial in addressing obesity-related inflammation. They are also being studied for use in cancer treatment.
- Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. However, these effects are often manageable with dietary modifications. Rare side effects include pancreatitis, thyroid carcinoma, gallstones, and tachycardia. These drugs are contraindicated in patients with a history of pancreatitis, hypersensitivity, pregnancy, or thyroid cancer.
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About the Speakers
Dr. Leena Mahana Kapoor
Specialist Internal Medicine and Diabetologist, Aster DM Healthcare, Dubai
Financial Disclosure
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