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PCOS and Fertility: A Comprehensive Overview
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-aged women, characterized by hormonal imbalances. PCOS can significantly impact fertility due to irregular menstrual cycles, anovulation, and follicular cysts on the ovaries. Insulin resistance and elevated levels of androgens, such as testosterone, are common features of PCOS that can further affect fertility. Women with PCOS may experience difficulties in conceiving naturally and may require assistance from fertility treatments. Ovulation induction medications, such as clomiphene citrate or letrozole, are often used to stimulate ovulation in women with PCOS. In vitro fertilization (IVF) may be recommended for women with PCOS who do not respond to conventional fertility treatments. Lifestyle modifications, including weight loss and dietary changes, can improve fertility outcomes in women with PCOS, especially those who are overweight or obese. PCOS-related infertility can also be addressed through management of associated symptoms, such as acne, hirsutism, and irregular periods. Women with PCOS should work closely with healthcare providers specializing in reproductive endocrinology to optimize fertility and pregnancy outcomes.Despite challenges, many women with PCOS are able to achieve successful pregnancies with appropriate medical interventions and support.
About the Speaker
Dr. Dilini Ilukpitiya
Gynecologist & Fertility Specialist Ministry of Health, Srilanka
Upcoming Case Discussions
Diabetes and GI Disorders: Understanding the Connection
Dr. Firdous Shaikh is a highly esteemed Consultant Diabetologist and Metabolic Physician based in Mumbai, India, with over six years of experience in diabetes care. Currently, she serves at the Shri Kapol Utkarsh Mandal and Jyoti Clinic, where she has been providing expert consultation since December 2018. Previously, Dr. Shaikh worked as an Associate Consultant Diabetologist at Lina Diabetes Care Centre and held positions at Shetty Nursing Home and Jyoti Polyclinic. She completed his Fellowship in Diabetes and Endocrinology from the Royal College of Physicians in the UK and underwent residency training in Diabetology at the Asian Heart Institute. Dr. Shaikh is dedicated to advancing diabetes management and improving patient outcomes through personalized care and ongoing education.
Pediatric Epilepsy: Diagnosis and Long-term Management
Pediatric epilepsy is a neurological disorder marked by recurrent seizures, affecting around 1% of children worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management, involving a thorough clinical history, physical exams, EEG, and imaging studies like MRI. Identifying seizure type and underlying causes—such as genetic, structural, or metabolic factors—guides treatment strategies. Long-term management typically includes antiepileptic medications tailored to seizure type and child response, with regular monitoring for side effects and efficacy. For medication-resistant cases, additional treatments like dietary therapy (e.g., ketogenic diet), vagus nerve stimulation, or surgery may be explored. Beyond seizure control, managing comorbidities such as cognitive delays, behavioral issues, and psychosocial challenges is essential for holistic care. Collaborating closely with healthcare providers, caregivers play a key role in monitoring, ensuring adherence, and supporting the child’s quality of life, education, and social integration.
Latest Surgical Approaches to Oral Cancer
Recent advancements in surgical approaches to oral cancer have emphasized precision and minimally invasive techniques. Robotic-assisted surgery and transoral laser microsurgery allow for enhanced accuracy, reducing damage to surrounding tissues. Surgeons also increasingly use image-guided technology, which enhances visualization and helps remove tumors more effectively. Sentinel lymph node biopsy has become a standard for early-stage oral cancer, enabling better staging with minimal invasiveness. These advancements contribute to faster recovery times, reduced complications, and improved overall outcomes for patients.
Urinary Tract Infections: Clinical Approach and Management
An infection of the urinary system is known as a urinary tract infection (UTI). The urethra (urethritis) may be affected by this kind of infection (pyelonephritis) kidneys, bladder (cystitis). A consequence of kidneys' blood-filtering function is urine, or pee. When waste materials and extra water are eliminated from your circulation, your kidneys produce urine. Normally, urine passes through your urinary system uncontaminated. However, UTIs can result from bacteria entering the urinary system.
Clinician’s Approach to Septic Shock
The prognosis of sepsis syndromes varies and spans a clinical spectrum. The most serious consequence of sepsis, septic shock, has a high death rate. An inciting substance triggers the activation of both the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune systems, leading to septic shock. This takes place in tandem with the activation of neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, which engage with the endothelium via pathogen recognition receptors and cause further cytokine, protease, kinin, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide involvement. The endothelium is the main location of this reaction, and in addition to microvascular damage, it also triggers the complement and coagulation cascades, which worsen the vascular damage and cause capillary leakage. The clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis and the progression from sepsis are caused by this series of events.