وصف
Arthritis refers to a group of more than 100 different types of joint inflammation and pain conditions. The most common types are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis is a prevalent condition in adults, with millions affected worldwide. It is more common in older adults but can affect people of all ages. Common symptoms include joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced range of motion, which can significantly impact a person's quality of life.
This is the most common form of arthritis, often associated with the aging process. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones wears down over time.
Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease that affects the joints, causing pain and inflammation. It can also affect other organs and systems in the body. Management strategies may include medications (e.g., pain relievers, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs), physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgery to repair or replace damaged joints.
ملخص
- Articular cartilage is essential for joint function, providing a smooth, slippery surface to reduce friction and distribute loads. It's composed of water, collagen (primarily type II), and proteoglycans, with distinct superficial, middle, and deep zones. Degenerative arthritis, or osteoarthritis, is characterized by age-related cartilage wear and tear, leading to pain and mobility issues.
- Rheumatoid arthritis differs from osteoarthritis in that it's a symmetrical, inflammatory disease affecting multiple joints, often involving synovial infiltration. Osteoarthritis, on the other hand, is typically asymmetric, primarily involving cartilage and bone degeneration. Other types of arthritis include neuropathic arthritis (Charcot arthropathy), ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, gouty arthritis (crystal deposition), hemophilic arthritis, ochronosis (black arthritis), and hemochromatosis.
- Osteoarthritis is classified using the Kellgren-Lawrence system, ranging from grade 0 (normal) to grade 4 (severe bone-on-bone contact). Changes in osteoarthritis involve increased water content initially, followed by a decrease, disorganized collagen and proteoglycans, decreased chondrocytes, and increased lysosomal enzymes, leading to cartilage degradation. Inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1, stimulate matrix metalloproteinases, further breaking down cartilage.
- Patients with osteoarthritis present with pain, limited mobility, and compromised quality of life. Diagnosis involves weight-bearing X-rays to assess joint space narrowing, osteophytes, and sclerosis. Treatment options range from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), rehabilitation, and weight loss to knee braces, PRP injections, high tibial osteotomy (HTO), unicompartmental knee replacement and total knee replacement. HTO is suitable for young patients with medial compartment arthritis, while knee replacement is a final option for severe cases.
نموذج شهادة
حول المتحدثين
Dr. Gowtham Chowdary
Director - Academic Services & Senior Consultant Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgeon
تعليقات
تعليقات
يجب عليك تسجيل الدخول لتتمكن من ترك تعليق.