- 67.2k views
What’s new in Antimicrobial Resistance?
The AIMSR Distinguished Lecture Series aims to deliver academic lectures by eminent Apollo Consultants to ensure a consistent and high-quality educational experience for all AIMSR medical and postgraduate students. This initiative focuses on providing students with access to the expertise and insights of leading professionals in the medical field, fostering an environment of continuous learning and academic excellence. By featuring prominent speakers, the lecture series supports the educational objectives of AIMSR, enhancing the knowledge and skills of future healthcare professionals.
About the Speaker
Dr. Dhanya Dharmapalan
Senior Consultant - Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Apollo Hospitals, Navi Mumbai
Upcoming Case Discussions
Ulcerative Colitis: Treatment and Management review
Respiratory diseases in children, such as asthma, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis, are significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These conditions often present with symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing, requiring prompt diagnosis and management. Advances in medical care have improved the treatment outcomes, but disparities in healthcare access still pose challenges. Preventative measures, including vaccination and reducing exposure to environmental pollutants, play a crucial role in mitigating the impact of these diseases. Early intervention and comprehensive care are essential to enhance the quality of life for affected children.
Tuberculosis Management
Tuberculosis (TB) management involves a comprehensive approach, from diagnosis to treatment, aimed at controlling and curing the infection. Early diagnosis is critical and is often done using sputum tests, chest X-rays, and molecular tests like GeneXpert. Once diagnosed, TB patients are typically treated with a standard regimen of first-line antibiotics, such as isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, over a course of six to nine months. Drug-resistant TB, particularly multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), requires more complex treatment using second-line drugs for longer periods, often up to two years. Adherence to the treatment regimen is crucial, as incomplete treatment can lead to resistance.
Clinician’s Approach to Opioid Free Anesthesia
Opioids have long been used in general anesthesia to effectively manage pain. However, data suggests that using opioids during surgery may result in postoperative hyperalgesia, which can lead to chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) and long-term opioid dependence. Indeed, opioid abuse has become a worldwide concern, with an estimated 40.5 million opioid dependent persons in 2017. Opioid-free anesthesia may thus be an appropriate option. A short time of opioid exposure has been demonstrated to cause epigenetic alterations and a pro-inflammatory state, resulting in nociceptive hypersensitivity. Opioids provided during tissue injury (e.g., surgery) may cause a paradoxical increase in acute postoperative pain and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), both of which contribute to the development of CPSP.
Nutritional Management of Cardiovascular Health
Nutritional management of cardiovascular health focuses on reducing risk factors such as high cholesterol, hypertension, and inflammation. A heart-healthy diet emphasizes the consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, particularly omega-3 fatty acids found in fish and nuts. Reducing the intake of saturated fats, trans fats, and added sugars is essential to prevent plaque buildup in the arteries and maintain healthy cholesterol levels. Nutritional interventions, when combined with physical activity and lifestyle changes, significantly contribute to the prevention and management of heart disease and promote long-term cardiovascular health.
Ayurvedic Perspective of Healthy Bones
From an Ayurvedic perspective, healthy bones, or "Asthi Dhatu," are nourished by proper digestion and balanced doshas, particularly Vata. Ayurveda emphasizes a nutrient-rich diet, including calcium-rich foods like sesame seeds, almonds, and green leafy vegetables, to strengthen bones. Herbs like Ashwagandha and Shatavari are believed to support bone density and overall skeletal health. Regular oil massages (Abhyanga) with medicated oils help maintain bone strength and flexibility. Maintaining balance in lifestyle and diet is key to promoting long-term bone health in Ayurveda.