Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-saving mechanical support technique used in patients with severe cardiogenic shock when conventional therapies fail. In cardiogenic shock, the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the body’s needs, leading to organ hypoperfusion. Veno-arterial (VA) ECMO provides both cardiac and respiratory support by diverting blood from the venous system, oxygenating it externally, and returning it to the arterial system. This reduces the workload on the heart, improves oxygen delivery, and stabilizes hemodynamics. ECMO serves as a bridge to recovery, decision-making, heart transplantation, or long-term mechanical circulatory support. Despite its benefits, ECMO carries risks such as bleeding, thrombosis, limb ischemia, and infection. Patient selection, timing of initiation, and multidisciplinary care are critical for optimal outcomes. While ECMO has improved survival in cardiogenic shock, ongoing research is focused on refining indications, minimizing complications, and enhancing long-term recovery strategies in critically ill patients.
Senior Consultant Critical Care Medicine Apollo Hospitals, Kolkata
Dr. Monalisa Mishra is a Senior Consultant in Critical Care Medicine at Apollo Hospitals, Kolkata, where she brings extensive clinical expertise and leadership to the forefront of intensive care management. With years of hands-on experience in managing critically ill patients across a wide spectrum of medical emergencies, she plays a pivotal role in delivering evidence-based, multidisciplinary care in one of the city\'s most advanced tertiary care settings. Dr. Mishra specializes in the management of sepsis, multi-organ failure, complex ventilatory support, and post-operative intensive care, ensuring the highest standards of patient outcomes. Her approach combines clinical precision with compassionate care, making her a trusted name among peers and patients alike. Actively involved in clinical training and protocol development, she also contributes significantly to strengthening critical care systems and mentoring the next generation of healthcare professionals.