Keterangan
Thyroid cancer arises when abnormal cells in the thyroid gland begin to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. The most common types of thyroid cancer include papillary and follicular thyroid cancer, with papillary being the most prevalent. Exposure to radiation, family history, and certain genetic mutations are known risk factors for thyroid cancer. Symptoms may include a lump in the neck, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, and persistent neck pain. Diagnosis often involves imaging studies like ultrasound, biopsy, and thyroid function tests. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of thyroid cancer and may include surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, and thyroid hormone replacement. Prognosis for thyroid cancer is generally favorable, with a high survival rate, especially for well-differentiated types. Regular follow-up care and monitoring of thyroid hormone levels are essential to detect any recurrence or metastasis.
Supportive care, including psychological and nutritional support, is crucial for individuals undergoing thyroid cancer treatment. Public awareness and early detection through regular screenings play a key role in improving outcomes for individuals with thyroid cancer.
Ringkasan
- The speaker discusses thyroid cancer awareness and its historical context, mentioning significant figures in thyroid surgery like Theodor Kocher. Kocher's emphasis on surgical audits highlights the importance of evaluating surgical outcomes.
- The speaker highlights the clinical importance of thyroid nodules, differentiating them radiologically and noting their prevalence in women. While most nodules are benign, a significant percentage can turn out to be cancerous, emphasizing the need for detection and evaluation.
- Thyroid neoplasms are classified into benign lesions, low-risk neoplasms, and malignant neoplasms, according to the World Health Organization. This classification informs diagnosis and management, though specific terminology and categorization are evolving.
- The presentation delves into three case studies, each presenting a unique scenario of thyroid lesions. These case studies serve as a basis for discussing questions patients commonly ask after a diagnosis, including staging, treatment options, and potential impact on their lives.
- Risk stratification plays a key role in managing thyroid cancer. This involves assessing the stage and characteristics of the disease to determine the appropriate course of treatment. Patients should be followed up with at regular intervals and investigations like T3, TSH and serum globulin to evaluate the response to treatment.
- Diagnostic investigations, especially ultrasound, are crucial in identifying suspicious thyroid lesions. Key sonographic features include hypoechoic nodules with irregular margins, microcalcifications, and a taller-than-wide shape. The ultrasound appearances of lymph nodes may also be used in risk stratification.
- The thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) is a standardized scoring system used in ultrasound evaluations. TI-RADS scores are influenced by factors such as the composition, echogenicity, shape, and margins of thyroid nodules.
Contoh Sertifikat
Tentang Pembicara
Dr. GV Nagarjuna Reddy
Dokter Bedah Onkologi Kepala dan Leher, Rumah Sakit Tata Memorial, Mumbai.
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