Keterangan
In most people who are exposed to organophosphates, pesticides are involved. The first organophosphate insecticide was developed in the middle of the 1800s, but it wasn't until World War II that it was widely used. Organophosphates are substances that are employed as drugs, pesticides, and weaponized nerve agents. Small pupils, sweating, muscle tremors, confusion, increased saliva and tear production, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting are a few symptoms. It can take hours for symptoms to go away once they first arise. Due to the widespread usage of these chemicals in agriculture, the majority of organophosphate toxicity cases nowadays involve farmers and other individuals who operate in this field
Ringkasan
- Poison management requires identifying the substance, quantity, and time of ingestion. Initial assessment involves securing the airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC), and decontaminating the patient. Airway compromise may necessitate intubation and ventilation, while circulation issues require fluid resuscitation and potentially inotropes.
- Collecting evidence about the poison is crucial. Examination should focus on clues and potential toxidromes. Gastric lavage is considered within 6 hours for unknown compounds. Activated charcoal is administered as an absorbent. Vital signs, symptoms, and signs must be continuously monitored.
- Decontamination involves removing contaminated clothing and thoroughly washing the skin, including the genital area. Eye exposure requires rinsing with clear saline or water for 10-15 minutes. Gastric lavage is performed for life-threatening poisonings, with precautions to prevent aspiration. However, it's contraindicated in acid and alcohol ingestion.
- Elimination techniques include alkaline diuresis to enhance urine excretion of weak acids. Hemodialysis can be used for water-soluble poisons with low molecular weight and low volume of distribution. Charcoal hemoperfusion is another option, but can lead to thrombocytopenia and hypotension.
- Insecticide poisoning, especially organophosphorus (OP) compounds, requires gastric aspiration, activated charcoal, and supportive treatment. Atropine is used to manage cholinergic symptoms, while pralidoxime (PAM) may be administered in severe cases.
- Corrosive poisoning management involves irrigating the eyes, stabilizing ABC, and avoiding oral intake (NPO). Gastric lavage and charcoal are contraindicated. Pantoprazole infusion is given to reduce stomach acidity. Second-tier care is needed for oral burns, breathing difficulties, and hemodynamic disturbances.
- OP poisoning causes cholinergic crisis due to acetylcholine accumulation. Symptoms include diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchorrhea, bronchoconstriction, lacrimation, salivation (DUMBELS). Respiratory failure can occur through various mechanisms. Specific treatments involve atropine and PAM, with dosage adjustments based on clinical response.
- Discharge criteria include stable vitals and respiratory function without neck muscle paralysis. Psychiatric counseling is recommended. Identification of poisons is aided by symbols and classifications based on toxicity levels. Healthcare workers must take precautions to avoid exposure during treatment.
Contoh Sertifikat
Tentang Pembicara
Komentar
Komentar
Anda harus login untuk meninggalkan komentar.