Keterangan
The Mpox virus (MPXV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that is zoonotic and causes Mpox, a disease that resembles smallpox but is less severe. The first incidence of MPXV was documented in 1970 in a 9-month-old boy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The virus was initially characterized in 1958. The three main signs of mpox are fever, lymphadenopathy, and rash. Rare are complications such encephalitis or widespread skin and mucous membrane lesions. As a result, Mpox death rates are comparatively low, with cases recorded after 2000 showing a range of 0 to 10%. The symptoms that were most commonly mentioned were fever, headache, cough, and sore or dry throat. Mpox lesions mostly appeared in the anal or genital regions.
Ringkasan
- The speaker discusses Monkeypox (renamed as "Empox"), emphasizing that it's not a new disease like COVID-19 but rather an endemic zoonotic disease present in Central and West Africa. It is caused by the monkeypox virus, related to the smallpox virus, and causes a rash among other symptoms.
- The virus was first identified in 1958 in non-human primates and the first human case was reported in 1970. Sporadic outbreaks have been reported in African countries over the past 50 years, with occasional cases linked to travel or animal importation in non-endemic countries.
- There are two distinct genetic clades: the Central African clade (clade one) and the West African clade (clade two). Clade one historically has a higher severity and mortality rate, while clade two is responsible for the global outbreak that began in 2022 and is generally less severe.
- Transmission primarily occurs through contact with infected bodily fluids, lesions, fomites, and potentially through respiratory aerosols. The presentation typically includes fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, and flu-like symptoms, but the rash can be atypical and limited to genital areas in recent outbreaks.
- Diagnosis involves PCR testing of lesion swabs, and cell culture is restricted to specific laboratories. Treatment options are limited in India, with supportive care being the main approach, although tecovirimat is available. Vaccines are available but not currently in India.
- Prevention strategies include contact precautions, decontamination, isolation of patients, and proper PPE for healthcare personnel. Recognizing clinical presentation and maintaining a high index of suspicion are crucial. The speaker emphasizes that it is mainly transmitted through close contact, particularly among men who have sex with men.
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