Keterangan
Praktik pengendalian infeksi di lingkungan layanan kesehatan sangat penting untuk mencegah penyebaran penyakit menular dan memastikan keselamatan pasien dan staf. Praktik ini mencakup protokol kebersihan tangan yang ketat, penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) seperti sarung tangan, masker, dan gaun, serta penerapan tindakan pencegahan standar dan berbasis penularan yang disesuaikan dengan patogen tertentu. Pembersihan lingkungan dan disinfeksi permukaan dan peralatan medis sangat penting untuk mengurangi beban mikroba. Sterilisasi instrumen dan pembuangan limbah medis yang tepat semakin mengurangi risiko infeksi. Selain itu, petugas layanan kesehatan dilatih untuk mengenali dan mengisolasi kasus infeksi dengan segera, dan program vaksinasi untuk staf dan pasien dipromosikan untuk mengurangi kejadian penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan vaksin. Sistem pengawasan diterapkan untuk memantau tingkat infeksi dan wabah, yang memandu peningkatan berkelanjutan dari langkah-langkah pengendalian infeksi. Pendidikan dan kepatuhan terhadap pedoman berbasis bukti, di samping kebijakan pengendalian infeksi yang kuat, merupakan bagian integral untuk menjaga lingkungan layanan kesehatan yang aman dan melindungi populasi yang rentan dari infeksi terkait layanan kesehatan (HAIs).
Ringkasan
- Infection prevention and control are crucial in healthcare settings to protect patients and healthcare workers. Prevention is prioritized, given the increasing prevalence of infections and limitations of antibiotics. Both safety and reduction of device-associated infections are the focus.
- Infections spread through a chain of six links: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host. Breaking any link in this chain can prevent infection. Infection control involves standard precautions, transmission-based precautions, and preventing device-associated infections.
- Standard precautions are a set of practices to minimize infection transmission, regardless of a patient's infectious status. Key components include hand hygiene, personal protective equipment (PPE), safe sharp disposal, environmental cleaning, medical equipment reprocessing, respiratory hygiene, cough etiquette, biomedical waste management, and appropriate linen handling.
- Hand hygiene is the most important component, with evidence suggesting it can cut infections by 80%. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends five moments for hand hygiene: before touching a patient, after touching a patient, before a procedure, after a procedure, and after touching the patient's surroundings.
- PPE, including caps, masks, gowns, shoe covers, gloves, and shields, protects healthcare workers and patients. PPE should be selected based on the anticipated risk of exposure, with glove use emphasized as not a substitute for hand hygiene. Proper donning and doffing of PPE are critical to prevent contamination.
- Safe sharp disposal is vital to prevent needlestick injuries and bloodborne infections like hepatitis B, C, and HIV. Recapping needles should be avoided, and sharps containers should be readily available.
- Environmental cleaning should follow established guidelines using appropriate disinfectants. Low-touch surfaces are cleaned before high-touch surfaces. Medical equipment reprocessing and sterilization should adhere to guidelines based on the Spalding classification system. CSSD should maintain clear zones for soil, clean, and sterile materials.
- Transmission-based precautions are implemented in addition to standard precautions. These include contact precautions, droplet precautions, and airborne precautions, tailored to the mode of transmission of specific infections.
- Device-associated infections, such as catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), require targeted prevention strategies. These strategies include bundle care, encompassing sets of practices that must be followed entirely to be effective.
Contoh Sertifikat
Tentang Pembicara
Dr. Jaya Banerjee
Konsultan Mikrobiologi Klinis dan Petugas Pengendalian Infeksi, Rumah Sakit Yashoda, Hyderabad
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