Keterangan
Cancer prevention starts with adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Avoid tobacco in all forms, as it is a major cause of several types of cancer, including lung, mouth, and throat cancers. Regular screening and early detection are crucial in detecting cancer at its earliest stages when treatment is most effective. Women should undergo regular breast self-examinations and mammograms to detect breast cancer early. Routine Pap tests can help detect cervical cancer in its early stages, offering a better chance of successful treatment. Regular dental check-ups are essential, as they may aid in the detection of oral cancers. Vaccinations against certain viruses, such as HPV and Hepatitis B, can help prevent infections linked to cancer. Limit exposure to environmental carcinogens, such as asbestos and industrial chemicals. Family history plays a role in cancer risk, so be aware of your family's medical history and discuss it with your doctor. Maintain a healthy weight, as obesity is linked to an increased risk of many cancers. Breastfeeding can reduce the risk of breast cancer in women. Avoid prolonged use of hormone replacement therapy unless necessary, as it may increase certain cancer risks.
Ringkasan
- Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, making early detection crucial. While general cancer prevention exists, oncologists often focus on site-specific approaches, including screening programs.
- Cancer screening falls under primary prevention, targeting high-risk groups for early identification of the disease. Common screened cancers include breast and cervical cancer, with lung cancer screening gaining prominence, particularly in Western countries.
- Screening for lung cancer typically starts around age 50-60 and extends to 80. Smoking is the primary risk factor, accounting for approximately 90% of lung cancer cases. Smokers have a significantly higher risk compared to non-smokers.
- Other risk factors include increased age, environmental factors like radon gas and air pollution, and prior radiotherapy exposure. Early-stage detection dramatically improves survival rates compared to later stages.
- Chest X-rays and sputum cytology are less effective screening methods. Low-dose CT (LDCT) scans are the preferred method due to their higher sensitivity and lower radiation exposure compared to standard CT scans.
- Guidelines for lung cancer screening recommend considering individuals aged 50-80 who currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. Annual screening is generally recommended.
- Smoking cessation advice is critical for individuals enrolled in lung cancer screening programs. Patients should understand that screening detects cancer early but does not prevent it.
- Standardizing reporting is essential. The American College of Radiology developed Lung-RADS to provide a uniform system for reporting lung cancer screening CT results.
- Potential risks of lung cancer screening include false positives, anxiety, unnecessary investigations, radiation exposure, and incidental findings. Benefits include early detection, improved survival, and better quality of life.
Contoh Sertifikat
Tentang Pembicara
Dr. Vijay Kumar Kontham
Consultant Radiation Oncologist and Pain and Palliative Care Physician, Yashoda Hospitals
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