Keterangan
Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a chronic skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. In this webinar, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for atopic dermatitis in both children and adults. Atopic dermatitis is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. People with a family history of eczema, asthma, or hay fever are more likely to develop atopic dermatitis. Environmental factors such as exposure to irritants, stress, and changes in temperature can also trigger eczema. In severe cases, the skin may become cracked, weepy, and infected. It is also common for people with eczema to have trouble sleeping due to the constant itching and discomfort. Topical treatments, such as corticosteroids and moisturizers, are usually the first line of defense against eczema. Oral medications, such as antihistamines and immunosuppressants, may be prescribed for severe cases. Light therapy, also known as phototherapy, uses UV light to reduce inflammation and itching.
Ringkasan
- Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by flares, often associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis. It affects a significant percentage of infants, children, and adults globally, with onset often before six months of age. Pathogenesis involves skin barrier dysfunction, inflammation and immune dysregulation, and environmental triggers.
- The skin barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis is linked to filaggrin gene mutations and ceramide deficiency, resulting in water loss and increased penetration of allergens and microbes. Inflammation and immune dysregulation are driven by immune presenting cells, T lymphocytes, and inflammatory markers like interleukins and enzymes such as phosphodiesterase-4 and JAK pathways. Common triggers include Staph aureus, viral infections, irritants, and stress.
- Clinical presentation includes itching, dry skin, and rashes, with acute rashes exhibiting redness, weeping, and crusting, while chronic rashes show lichenification (thickened skin) and accentuated skin markings. Location varies by age, with infants typically affected on the face and extremities, while adolescents and adults often experience hand and eyelid eczema. Complications include erythroderma, secondary infections, and psychosocial impact.
- Diagnosis relies on clinical history, physical examination, and consideration of criteria like Hanifin and Rajka's. Differential diagnoses include irritant hand dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, perioral dermatitis, tinea incognito, scabies, viral exanthems, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and Paget's disease. Assessing severity is crucial, considering both physician and patient perspectives.
- Treatment goals include reducing flares, improving quality of life, avoiding medication side effects, and preventing complications. Moisturizers are essential for skin hydration. Topical steroids are effective for controlling flares, but should be used carefully to avoid side effects like skin atrophy. Topical calcineurin inhibitors offer a steroid-free alternative.
- Newer targeted treatments include injectable dupilumab (interleukin-4 and 13 inhibitor), which is FDA-approved for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis and is generally safe for long-term use, even in young children. Oral JAK inhibitors, such as baricitinib and upadacitinib, represent another important therapeutic advance, though they require lab monitoring and are associated with a black box warning for cardiovascular risks. Phototherapy is a classical, but still sometimes effective option.
Contoh Sertifikat
Tentang Pembicara
Dr. Fadil Hajjaj
Specialist Dermatologist, Advanced Cure Diagnostic Centre, Abu Dhabi
Pengungkapan Keuangan
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