Keterangan
Anal Abscess and Fistulas are common problems that affect millions of people every year. They can cause discomfort, pain, and embarrassment for those who suffer from them. But with the right knowledge and treatment, these conditions can be managed effectively. An Anal Abscess is a painful swelling that forms in the anal area. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection. The most common symptoms of an Anal Abscess include pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness in the affected area. In the case of Anal Fistulas, it is an abnormal connection between the anal canal or rectum and the skin surrounding the anus. The most common symptoms of a Fistula include pain, swelling, discharge of pus, and itching around the anus. There are different types of Fistulas, including Simple Fistulas, Complex Fistulas, and Recurrent Fistulas. Diagnosis of a Fistula usually involves a physical examination and imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan.
Ringkasan
- Anorectal abscesses and anal fistulas are common conditions. Abscesses often arise from cryptoglandular infections, leading to inflammation and potential fistula formation. Diagnosis is typically based on history and physical examination, while imaging is reserved for complex or recurrent cases.
- Surgical drainage is the primary treatment for anorectal abscesses, with the incision size carefully managed to avoid sphincter injury. Location of abscesses dictates drainage approach: perianal incisions for superficial abscesses, more complex methods for deeper sources, and transabdominal or transrectal drainage for intra-abdominal sources.
- Specific abscess types require tailored approaches. For example, ischiorectal abscesses benefit from drainage of the ischiorectal space with counter incisions. Antibiotics are typically reserved for complicated cases with systemic signs. Necrotizing anorectal infection is a dreaded complication requiring aggressive debridement, antibiotics, and potentially hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
- Anal fistulas are abnormal communications between epithelial surfaces. The Parks classification is commonly used to categorize fistulas, with intersphincteric and transsphincteric being the most frequent types. A key principle in fistula evaluation is the Goodsall rule, which helps predict the internal opening based on the external opening's location.
- Diagnostic investigations for anal fistulas include physical examination and endoanal ultrasound. MRI can be employed in more complex cases or to visualize the sphincter complex. Colonoscopy may be necessary if malignancy is suspected, and anorectal manometry can assess sphincter function before fistula surgery to mitigate incontinence risk. The goal of these diagnostics are to lower recurrence rates after the surgery.
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