विवरण
World Brain Tumor Day is observed in order to raise awareness about brain tumors, educate the public, and support patients and their families. Brain tumors are abnormal growths that develop in the brain or spinal cord, and they can be both benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The latest treatment techniques for brain tumors involve a multidisciplinary approach, combining surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Let's explore these techniques in more detail. Surgical removal of the tumor is often the first line of treatment. Advancements in surgical techniques, such as neuro-navigation systems and intraoperative MRI, allow surgeons to precisely. In some cases, awake craniotomy is performed to remove tumors located near critical brain regions. Stereotactic radiosurgery delivers highly focused radiation beams to the tumor while minimizing exposure to healthy tissues. Proton therapy is an advanced form of radiation therapy that uses protons instead of X-rays.
सारांश
- Brain tumors are abnormal cell growths within the brain, often stemming from genetic code abnormalities or disruptions in cellular programming. They're classified into primary tumors, originating from brain tissue, and secondary tumors, resulting from cancer metastasis from other parts of the body. Secondary brain tumors are more common, frequently arising from lung, breast, or skin cancer (melanoma).
- Primary brain tumors can originate from meninges (membranes surrounding the brain) or various brain cells like neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells. Tumors can be benign, growing slowly and non-invasive, or malignant, exhibiting aggressive growth and potential spread. Common primary tumors include meningiomas and gliomas, with the latter categorized from Grade 1 to Grade 4 based on aggressiveness.
- The impact of brain tumors stems from their mass effect, local invasion, and associated edema. Mass effect involves the tumor pushing against surrounding brain tissue, disrupting normal function. Local invasion refers to the microscopic infiltration of the tumor into adjacent tissues. Edema, or swelling, exacerbates pressure on brain tissue due to inflammatory reactions around the tumor.
- Symptoms of brain tumors vary depending on location and size but often include headaches, personality changes, nausea, vomiting, vision problems, seizures, and cognitive decline. Diagnosis and treatment depend on tumor characteristics and location. If possible, the primary treatment goal is complete surgical removal, or, at minimum, maximum safe resection to alleviate pressure and symptoms.
- Treatment options extend beyond surgery, encompassing radiation therapy (including stereotactic radiosurgery), chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and tumor treatment fields (TTF). Stereotactic radiosurgery delivers high doses of radiation to a small, precisely targeted area. TTF employs electric fields to disrupt cell division in tumor cells, showing promise for controlling tumor growth and potentially enhancing survival, especially when combined with chemotherapy.
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