Description
Imaging plays a pivotal role in neurosciences by providing non-invasive, detailed insights into the structure and function of the nervous system. Techniques like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Functional MRI (fMRI), and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) allow for the visualization of brain anatomy, the mapping of neural activity, and the observation of biochemical processes, respectively. These imaging modalities have revolutionized the understanding of neurological and psychiatric disorders by enabling the identification of structural abnormalities, functional impairments, and neurochemical imbalances. Advanced imaging techniques, such as Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), further facilitate the study of white matter integrity and neural connectivity, offering valuable information about the brain's communication pathways. Imaging is also critical in pre-surgical planning, guiding interventions, and monitoring disease progression or response to treatment. Overall, the integration of various imaging technologies has significantly advanced both research and clinical practice in neurosciences, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, therapeutic strategies, and our fundamental understanding of brain function and dysfunction.
Résumé
- Dr. Lakma's presentation centers around the fundamentals of neuroimaging, primarily focusing on CT scans. He underlines the significance of understanding the orientation of images (right and left), emphasizing the need to differentiate between hyperdense, isodense, and hypodense tissues. He describes the appearance of various structures like bones, lenses, and fluids in CT scans, providing a baseline for recognizing abnormalities.
- The presentation delves into the anatomical aspects visible on CT scans, covering both bone and brain windows. Dr. Lakma elucidates the identification of skull bones, sutures, and sinuses, as well as brain structures like the falx cerebri, lobes, fissures, and ventricles. He highlights the distinctions between gray and white matter densities.
- The presentation addresses common pathological findings in CT scans of the brain, especially those related to head injuries. Key differentiations between extradural hematomas (EDH) and subdural hematomas (SDH) are made, focusing on their shape, location, and association with fractures. The presentation extends to discussions of brain contusions and various types of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages based on their location within the brain.
- Dr. Lakma provides insight into brain herniation syndromes, emphasizing the Monro-Kellie doctrine and the structures involved. He outlines various patterns of brain shift, including subfalcine, transtentorial, and tonsillar herniations. Discussions cover clinical signs and imaging findings associated with each type of herniation.
- The final part of the presentation deals with specific examples of herniation syndromes. Special attention is given to uncal herniation affecting the third cranial nerve, along with central transtentorial herniation and its impact on midbrain structures. The presentation ends by addressing tonsillar herniation, where cerebellar tonsils herniate through the foramen magnum.
Exemple de certificat
À propos des intervenants
Dr Laxminadh Sivaraju
Neurochirurgien consultant senior, Care Hospitals, Hyderabad
Divulgation financière
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