Description
Hypovolemic shock occurs due to severe blood or fluid loss, leading to inadequate circulating volume. Cardiogenic shock results from the inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's needs.Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction that causes widespread dilation of blood vessels and a drop in blood pressure. Septic shock arises from a severe infection that triggers a systemic inflammatory response and damages blood vessels. Neurogenic shock is caused by the disruption of the autonomic nervous system, leading to widespread vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. Obstructive shock occurs when there is an obstruction to blood flow, such as a pulmonary embolism or cardiac tamponade. Distributive shock is characterized by excessive vasodilation and the pooling of blood in the peripheral vessels. Distributive shock is characterized by excessive vasodilation and the pooling of blood in the peripheral vessels. Cardiac tamponade is a type of obstructive shock caused by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, compressing the heart. Tension pneumothorax is another obstructive shock caused by the buildup of air in the pleural space, compressing the lungs and heart. Spinal shock results from spinal cord injury, causing temporary loss of sympathetic nervous system function and hypotension. Toxic shock syndrome is a rare but life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins, often associated with tampon use.
Résumé
- Shock is a condition where tissues don't receive enough oxygen due to problems with oxygen delivery, increased oxygen demand, or inadequate oxygen utilization. Common types include hypovolemic (fluid loss), distributive (vasodilation and fluid redistribution), and obstructive (impeded blood flow). Hemorrhagic shock is a subset of hypovolemic shock.
- Neurogenic shock is a type of distributive shock caused by sympathetic paralysis, often resulting from high spinal cord injuries. It leads to vasodilation, pooling of blood in the periphery, and reduced preload. Treatment involves optimizing intravascular volume and using vasopressors like norepinephrine.
- Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart, particularly the left ventricle, cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. In cases of acute myocardial infarction (MI), the primary goal is to reperfuse the affected area. Fluids may be detrimental. Ionotropes may be used.
- Septic shock results from a systemic infection that causes widespread inflammation, vasodilation, and capillary leakiness. Management includes addressing the underlying infection with antibiotics, providing fluid resuscitation, and using vasopressors like norepinephrine and vasopressin.
- Hemorrhagic shock is caused by significant blood loss. The key principle is to replace lost blood with blood products. Fluids, particularly saline, should be limited. Vasopressors are generally not the first-line treatment in hemorrhagic shock.
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) can lead to shock due to fluid loss, electrolyte imbalances, and acidosis. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, insulin administration, electrolyte correction, and addressing the underlying cause. Bicarbonate may be indicated.
Exemple de certificat
À propos des intervenants
Dr Dhavapalani Alagappan
Anciens élèves - Collège royal de médecine d'urgence
Divulgation financière
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