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Type-1 Diabetes in Children
Type 1 diabetes in children is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It is usually diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, though it can occur at any age. Children with type 1 diabetes require insulin injections or an insulin pump to manage their blood sugar levels. The exact cause of type 1 diabetes in children is not fully understood, but genetic and environmental factors may play a role. Symptoms of type 1 diabetes in children include frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a severe complication that can arise if type 1 diabetes is left untreated or poorly managed. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and insulin pumps have significantly improved diabetes management in children. Children with type 1 diabetes need to follow a carefully balanced diet and monitor their carbohydrate intake. Regular physical activity is essential for children with type 1 diabetes, as it helps control blood sugar levels and promotes overall health. Careful monitoring of blood sugar levels is crucial to prevent hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) or hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in children.
About the Speaker
Dr Tejasvi Sheshadri
Consultant Paediatric Endocrinologist,
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Diabetes Technologies-Innovations in Monitoring and Management
Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM): CGM devices provide real-time glucose data, helping individuals with diabetes track fluctuations and make informed decisions. Insulin pumps deliver a continuous supply of insulin, allowing for precise dosing and reducing the need for frequent injections. Closed-Loop Systems also known as artificial pancreas systems, these integrate CGM and insulin pumps to automatically adjust insulin delivery based on glucose levels. Smart Insulin pens record insulin doses and send data to mobile apps, aiding in medication adherence and tracking. Virtual consultations with healthcare providers enable remote monitoring and adjustments to diabetes management plans. Inhaled Insulin offers an alternative to injections for those uncomfortable with needles. This innovative insulin automatically adjusts its release based on blood sugar levels, mimicking the body's natural response. Implantable devices offer long-term glucose monitoring without the need for frequent sensor changes.
Diabetic Complications: Awareness & Prevention
Diabetes can lead to various complications that affect different parts of the body due to prolonged high blood sugar levels. Diabetic complications can be broadly categorized into two types: macrovascular (affecting large blood vessels) and microvascular (affecting small blood vessels). These include conditions like heart disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease, which increase the risk of cardiovascular events in people with diabetes. These complications affect small blood vessels and can lead to diabetic retinopathy (eye damage), nephropathy (kidney damage), and neuropathy (nerve damage). Nerve damage can cause tingling, numbness, pain, and loss of sensation, often starting in the feet and hands. High blood sugar can damage the blood vessels in the eyes, potentially leading to vision impairment and blindness. Prolonged high blood sugar can damage the kidneys and impair their ability to filter waste from the blood. Diabetes significantly increases the risk of heart disease and stroke, making heart health monitoring and management crucial. Poor circulation and nerve damage can lead to foot ulcers and infections, potentially requiring amputation in severe cases. While not a long-term complication, severe low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can lead to unconsciousness and requires immediate treatment.
Tackling NAFLD : Silent Epidemic
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a silent epidemic characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver due to factors other than alcohol consumption. Lifestyle changes play a pivotal role in tackling NAFLD, with emphasis on adopting a balanced diet and engaging in regular physical activity. Reducing intake of sugary beverages, processed foods, and saturated fats can help improve NAFLD outcomes. Weight loss, achieved through a combination of diet and exercise, is one of the most effective ways to manage NAFLD. Regular physical activity not only aids in weight loss but also improves liver health by reducing inflammation. Avoiding excessive consumption of alcohol, even in the absence of alcoholic liver disease, is essential for NAFLD management. Diabetics and those with insulin resistance should work on glycemic control, as uncontrolled diabetes can worsen NAFLD. Incorporating foods rich in antioxidants, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, can help combat oxidative stress in the liver. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish like salmon and flaxseeds, may have protective effects on the liver. Limiting the use of certain medications that can harm the liver and discussing alternatives with healthcare providers is crucial for NAFLD patients. Regular monitoring of liver function and liver fat levels can help track the progression of NAFLD and guide treatment decisions.
Diabetes Innovations in- Glucose Monitoring
Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) devices have revolutionized diabetes management by providing real-time glucose readings, eliminating the need for finger-pricking. Advances in CGM technology have led to smaller, more discreet sensors that can be worn for longer periods, improving patient compliance. Non-invasive glucose monitoring techniques, such as wearable patches and smartwatches, are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional blood-based methods. Integration of CGM data with smartphone apps and cloud-based platforms allows patients to track their glucose levels, analyze trends, and share data with healthcare providers for better personalized care. Implantable CGM sensors are being developed, which can provide long-term glucose monitoring without the need for frequent sensor replacements. Closed-loop insulin delivery systems, also known as artificial pancreas systems, use CGM data to automatically adjust insulin doses, leading to tighter glucose control.
Prevent & Manage Diabetic Foot
Diabetic foot refers to a range of foot complications that occur as a result of diabetes, including ulcers, infections, and neuropathy. Prevention is crucial in managing diabetic foot, starting with maintaining good blood sugar control through proper medication, diet, and exercise. Regular foot care is essential, including daily washing, drying, and inspection for any signs of injury, redness, or swelling. Diabetic individuals should wear well-fitting, comfortable shoes and avoid going barefoot to reduce the risk of foot injuries. Checking the feet daily for blisters, sores, or cuts, especially in hard-to-see areas, such as between the toes, is crucial for timely intervention. Avoiding smoking and managing diabetes-related conditions, such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol, can contribute to overall foot health. Managing weight through a healthy diet and exercise can reduce the risk of foot problems associated with diabetes.
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Dr Tejasvi Sheshadri 's Talks on Assimilate
- 17th-August-2023, TIME : 3:00PM - 4:00PM
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Type 1 diabetes in children is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It is usually diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, though it can occur at any age. Children with type 1 diabetes require insulin injections or an insulin pump to manage their blood sugar levels. The exact cause of type 1 diabetes in children is not fully understood, but genetic and environmental factors may play a role. Symptoms of type 1 diabetes in children include frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a severe complication that can arise if type 1 diabetes is left untreated or poorly managed. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and insulin pumps have significantly improved diabetes management in children. Children with type 1 diabetes need to follow a carefully balanced diet and monitor their carbohydrate intake. Regular physical activity is essential for children with type 1 diabetes, as it helps control blood sugar levels and promotes overall health. Careful monitoring of blood sugar levels is crucial to prevent hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) or hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in children.