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Infertility Management: Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders among women of reproductive age. PCOS is a common diagnosis in women presenting with infertility. Polycystic ovary syndrome causes irregular menstrual cycles, excessive body or facial hair and polycystic ovaries as its main symptoms. Polycystic means "many cysts," and PCOS often causes clusters of small, pearl-sized cysts in the ovaries. Early diagnosis of PCOS is important as it has been linked to an increased risk for developing several medical conditions including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and heart disease. PCOS is an emerging health problem during adolescence therefore promotion of healthy lifestyles and early interventions are required to prevent future morbidities
About the Speaker
Dr Krishna Kumari
Consultant Gynecology, Apollo Hospital
Upcoming Case Discussions
Preparing your Practice for Adoption of AI
Preparing Your Practice for Adoption of AI" involves building a foundation of digital literacy, data readiness, and ethical awareness among clinicians and staff. Successful integration starts with identifying key workflows where AI can enhance efficiency, accuracy, or patient outcomes. It’s essential to choose tools that align with your practice’s goals while ensuring transparency, security, and compliance. Training, change management, and continuous evaluation are critical to fostering trust and long-term adoption. Ultimately, AI should support—not replace—the human touch in medicine.
Acne: Disorders and Treatment Approaches
Acne is a common dermatological condition caused by clogged pores, excess sebum production, bacterial growth, and inflammation. It can manifest as blackheads, whiteheads, papules, pustules, or cysts, often leading to scarring if untreated. Various factors, including hormonal changes, diet, stress, and genetics, influence its severity. Treatment approaches range from topical and oral medications, such as retinoids, antibiotics, and hormonal therapy, to advanced procedures like chemical peels and laser therapy. A personalized skincare regimen, along with lifestyle modifications, plays a crucial role in managing and preventing acne.
Management of Postoperative Pain: Best Practices for GP’s
Effective management of postoperative pain is crucial for promoting recovery and preventing complications. General practitioners should start by assessing pain severity using appropriate scales, then tailor the treatment plan based on the patient's medical history and the type of surgery. A combination of pharmacological approaches, such as non-opioid analgesics (e.g., NSAIDs) and opioids when necessary, should be used to minimize pain while reducing the risk of addiction. Multimodal strategies, including physical therapy and non-pharmacological techniques like cold therapy or mindfulness, can further enhance pain relief. Close follow-up is essential to adjust the treatment as needed and ensure the patient's pain is well-controlled.
Approach to Child with Status Epilepticus
Status epilepticus (SE) in children is a neurological emergency defined as a seizure lasting >5 minutes or recurrent seizures without recovery between episodes. Initial assessment includes airway, breathing, and circulation stabilization, followed by rapid glucose and electrolyte correction. First-line treatment involves benzodiazepines (e.g., lorazepam or midazolam). If seizures persist, second-line agents like phenytoin, levetiracetam, or valproate are administered. Refractory SE requires ICU admission and continuous infusion of anesthetics like midazolam or thiopental. Etiology must be identified (e.g., infection, metabolic, structural, or toxic causes). Prompt intervention reduces risk of neurological damage and improves outcomes. Continuous EEG monitoring may be necessary.
Approach to Chronic Abdominal Pain in Children
Chronic abdominal pain in children requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach. Begin with a detailed history focusing on pain characteristics, dietary habits, psychosocial stressors, and family history. Conduct a thorough physical examination to identify red flags such as weight loss, gastrointestinal bleeding, or fever. Initial investigations may include blood tests, stool studies, and abdominal imaging. Functional abdominal pain disorders like irritable bowel syndrome are common, especially if no organic cause is found. Management includes reassurance, dietary modifications, behavioral therapy, and pharmacologic treatment when necessary. Coordination with pediatric gastroenterology, psychology, and nutrition specialists can enhance outcomes and improve the child’s quality of life.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders among women of reproductive age. PCOS is a common diagnosis in women presenting with infertility. Polycystic ovary syndrome causes irregular menstrual cycles, excessive body or facial hair and polycystic ovaries as its main symptoms. Polycystic means "many cysts," and PCOS often causes clusters of small, pearl-sized cysts in the ovaries. Early diagnosis of PCOS is important as it has been linked to an increased risk for developing several medical conditions including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and heart disease. PCOS is an emerging health problem during adolescence therefore promotion of healthy lifestyles and early interventions are required to prevent future morbidities