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High flow Nasal oxygen in Acute Respiratory Failure
High flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) therapy represents a significant advancement in the management of acute respiratory failure, offering a blend of heated and humidified oxygen at high flow rates through nasal cannulae. This innovative approach enhances patient comfort, reduces the need for invasive mechanical ventilation by improving oxygenation and CO2 clearance, and supports the natural airway defenses. HFNO's precise delivery of oxygen improves the efficiency of gas exchange and reduces the work of breathing, making it a preferred choice for patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, particularly those with conditions such as pneumonia or COVID-19.
About the Speaker
Dr. Fernando Suparregui Dias
MD, MSc, PhD Director of Critical Care Department at Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Fernando Dias is Head of the Department of Critical Care at the Hospital Pompéia in Caxias do Sul, Brazil. He graduated with a Degree in Medicine from the Federal University of Santa Maria in 1977, Brazil, followed by a medical residency in cardiology at Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul in 1979. Between 1983 and 1989 he joined the staff of surgical critical care unit at the Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul before moving to Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) in 1989. In PUCRS was Director of the Cardiac Surgical Unit from 1989 to 1997 and of the General Intensive Care Unit from 1992 to 2013. Dr Dias has a degree in intensive care medicine from the Brazilian Intensive Care Association (AMIB) since 1985, a Master's Degree in Postgraduate Course in Medicine from the Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul in 1997 and completed his PhD in Cellular and Molecular Biology at PUCRS in 2008. Dr. Dias was president of Critical Care Society of Rio Grande do Sul (SOTIRGS) in 1995/1996 and President of AMIB in 2014/2015. Dr Dias has extensive experience in medicine, focusing on intensive care but with specific interests in hemodynamic monitoring, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock and multiple dysfunction organs and systems and genetics in critical illness. He is Editor of books on shock and monitoring in critical care and has published in the fields of hemodynamic monitoring, sepsis and genetics in critical illness.
Upcoming Case Discussions
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Alcoholic Hepatitis: Management Strategies
Management of alcoholic hepatitis involves a comprehensive approach aimed at halting disease progression, managing symptoms, and promoting liver recovery. The cornerstone of treatment involves complete alcohol cessation to prevent further liver damage and promote healing. Patients often have malnutrition, so nutritional therapy with a focus on adequate protein intake and vitamin supplementation is crucial. Corticosteroids like prednisolone may be prescribed in severe cases to reduce liver inflammation and improve survival rates. In severe cases unresponsive to medical therapy, liver transplantation may be considered, although strict criteria must be met. Diuretics may be used cautiously to manage ascites while monitoring for renal function. Prophylactic measures such as beta-blockers may be used to reduce the risk of variceal bleeding.
Pneumonia in Children
Pneumonia in children is often caused by viral or bacterial infections, leading to inflammation of the lungs. Symptoms may include cough, fever, rapid breathing, and chest pain. Diagnosis typically involves physical examination, chest X-ray, and sometimes blood tests or other imaging studies. Treatment may include antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia, supportive care such as rest, fluids, and fever management, and in severe cases, hospitalization for oxygen therapy and close monitoring. Vaccination against common pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b can help prevent pneumonia in children.
New Developments in Interventional Cardiology
Recent advancements in interventional cardiology have witnessed the evolution of cutting-edge techniques and technologies aimed at improving patient outcomes. From innovative stent designs to refined imaging modalities and minimally invasive procedures, interventional cardiologists now have a broader arsenal to address complex coronary artery disease. Drug-eluting stents with novel coatings aim to reduce restenosis rates, while bioresorbable scaffolds offer the promise of temporary vessel support without long-term metal implantation. Moreover, advances in imaging, such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), enable more precise lesion assessment and optimized stent placement. Additionally, the advent of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has revolutionized the treatment of aortic stenosis, offering a less invasive option for high-risk patients. These developments underscore the continuous pursuit of innovation in interventional cardiology, striving for enhanced patient care, and improved long-term outcomes.
Patient Centric Care in Critical Care
Patient-centric care in critical care is a holistic approach that places the patient at the center of medical decision-making and treatment processes. It prioritizes the individual's preferences, values, and needs, considering not only their medical condition but also their emotional and psychological well-being. This approach involves clear communication, shared decision-making, and active involvement of patients and their families in care planning. Healthcare providers strive to deliver personalized care that respects the patient's dignity, autonomy, and cultural beliefs, aiming to optimize outcomes and enhance overall quality of life.
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Dr. Fernando Suparregui Dias's Talks on Assimilate
- 15th-March-2024, TIME : 5:00PM - 6:00PM
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High flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) therapy represents a significant advancement in the management of acute respiratory failure, offering a blend of heated and humidified oxygen at high flow rates through nasal cannulae. This innovative approach enhances patient comfort, reduces the need for invasive mechanical ventilation by improving oxygenation and CO2 clearance, and supports the natural airway defenses. HFNO's precise delivery of oxygen improves the efficiency of gas exchange and reduces the work of breathing, making it a preferred choice for patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, particularly those with conditions such as pneumonia or COVID-19.