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Primary Adrenal Insufficiency : A Case Study & Review of Literature
Autoimmune Addison disease affects the function of the adrenal glands, which are small hormone-producing glands located on top of each kidney. It is classified as an autoimmune disorder because it results from a malfunctioning immune system that attacks the adrenal glands. As a result, the production of several hormones is disrupted, which affects many body systems. The signs and symptoms of autoimmune Addison disease can begin at any time, although they most commonly begin between ages 30 and 50. Common features of this condition include extreme tiredness (fatigue), nausea, decreased appetite, and weight loss. In addition, many affected individuals have low blood pressure (hypotension), which can lead to dizziness when standing up quickly; muscle cramps; and a craving for salty foods. A characteristic feature of autoimmune Addison disease is abnormally dark areas of skin (hyperpigmentation), especially in regions that experience a lot of friction, such as the armpits, elbows, knuckles, and palm creases. The lips and the inside lining of the mouth can also be unusually dark. Because of an imbalance of hormones involved in development of sexual characteristics, women with this condition may lose their underarm and pubic hair.
About the Speaker
Dr. Sandip Ghosh
Consultant Endocrinologist, Zulekha Hospitals, Sharjah, UAE
Upcoming Case Discussions
Clinician’s Approach to Multiple Fractures
A clinician's approach to multiple fractures involves a systematic assessment to prioritize life-threatening injuries and stabilize the patient. This typically includes evaluating the severity and location of fractures, considering any associated complications like hemorrhage or organ injury, and determining the best course for surgical or conservative management. Early intervention, pain management, and multidisciplinary coordination are key to optimizing recovery and preventing long-term disability.
Diabetes Type 2 Early Intervention
Early intervention in Type 2 diabetes focuses on lifestyle changes, such as improved diet and regular physical activity, to prevent or delay the onset of the disease. Timely management, including monitoring blood sugar levels and addressing risk factors, can significantly reduce complications and improve long-term health outcomes.
Thyroid Hormone Imbalances in Women
Thyroid hormone imbalances are common in women and can significantly impact overall health. Conditions like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weight changes, mood swings, and menstrual irregularities. Women are especially vulnerable to thyroid issues during hormonal shifts, such as pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause. Untreated thyroid imbalances may lead to complications, including infertility, osteoporosis, or heart problems. Early diagnosis through routine blood tests and effective management with medication, diet, and lifestyle changes are essential to maintaining thyroid health.
Approach to Severe Respiratory Distress in ED
In the emergency department, the approach to severe respiratory distress begins with a rapid assessment to determine the underlying cause, including airway obstruction, pulmonary pathology, or cardiovascular issues. Immediate interventions, such as oxygen supplementation, nebulized bronchodilators, intubation, or non-invasive ventilation, are implemented based on the severity and etiology, with close monitoring for signs of deterioration.
Non Invasive Ventilation in New Borns
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is a vital respiratory support method for newborns with breathing difficulties. It provides assistance without the need for intubation, reducing the risks of complications such as ventilator-associated infections. Common methods include Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) and Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP). NIV is often used to treat premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome or apnea. This approach promotes better lung development and improves overall neonatal outcomes while minimizing invasiveness.
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Dr. Sandip Ghosh's Talks on Assimilate
- 11th-October-2022, TIME : 4:00PM - 5:00PM
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Autoimmune Addison disease affects the function of the adrenal glands, which are small hormone-producing glands located on top of each kidney. It is classified as an autoimmune disorder because it results from a malfunctioning immune system that attacks the adrenal glands. As a result, the production of several hormones is disrupted, which affects many body systems. The signs and symptoms of autoimmune Addison disease can begin at any time, although they most commonly begin between ages 30 and 50. Common features of this condition include extreme tiredness (fatigue), nausea, decreased appetite, and weight loss. In addition, many affected individuals have low blood pressure (hypotension), which can lead to dizziness when standing up quickly; muscle cramps; and a craving for salty foods. A characteristic feature of autoimmune Addison disease is abnormally dark areas of skin (hyperpigmentation), especially in regions that experience a lot of friction, such as the armpits, elbows, knuckles, and palm creases. The lips and the inside lining of the mouth can also be unusually dark. Because of an imbalance of hormones involved in development of sexual characteristics, women with this condition may lose their underarm and pubic hair.