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Anemia in Pregnancy
Anemia is one of the most frequent complications related to pregnancy. Normal physiologic changes in pregnancy affect the hemoglobin (Hb), and there is a relative or absolute reduction in Hb concentration. The most common true anemias during pregnancy are iron deficiency anemia (approximately 75%) and folate deficiency megaloblastic anemia, which are more common in women who have inadequate diets and who are not receiving prenatal iron and folate supplements. Severe anemia may have adverse effects on the mother and the fetus. Anemia with hemoglobin levels less than 6 gr/dl is associated with poor pregnancy outcome. Prematurity, spontaneous abortions, low birth weight, and fetal deaths are complications of severe maternal anemia. Nevertheless, a mild to moderate iron deficiency does not appear to cause a significant effect on fetal hemoglobin concentration.
About the Speaker
Dr Aruna Reddy
Senior Gynecologist and Head OBG department Giggles Omni kukatpally Hyderabad at OMNI Hospitals
Upcoming Case Discussions
Ulcerative Colitis: Treatment and Management review
Respiratory diseases in children, such as asthma, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis, are significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These conditions often present with symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing, requiring prompt diagnosis and management. Advances in medical care have improved the treatment outcomes, but disparities in healthcare access still pose challenges. Preventative measures, including vaccination and reducing exposure to environmental pollutants, play a crucial role in mitigating the impact of these diseases. Early intervention and comprehensive care are essential to enhance the quality of life for affected children.
Approach to Patient with Unexplained Joint Pain
Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency that requires quick diagnosis and treatment. Basic equipment and medication should be easily accessible in the doctor's office. Lieberman et al. have explained this in considerable detail. Patients with severe anaphylactic symptoms should get routine treatments before being transported to the hospital. Interventions include high-flow oxygen, cardiac monitoring, and intravenous (IV) access. These precautions are recommended for an asymptomatic patient with a history of severe reaction who has been re-exposed to the triggering chemical. For patients with exclusively local reactions, additional measures beyond basic life support (BLS) are unnecessary. The prognosis of patients with anaphylaxis is determined by the severity of the first reaction and their treatment response. Patients with non-life-threatening symptoms may be followed for 4-6 hours after successful treatment.
Approach to Patient with Unexplained Joint Pain
Joint pain can be caused by a variety of factors, ranging from common to rare, unpleasant to life-threatening. Even the most minor causes of joint discomfort can result in severe disability. A complete history and physical exam are required when evaluating a patient with joint pain (typically focusing on extra-articular symptoms), as well as the examination of joint fluid, serologies, and radiologic testing. The differential diagnosis of joint pain can be framed using three key questions. First, is the joint discomfort limited to a single joint or does it affect numerous joints? If the pain is only in one joint, the next question is whether it is monoarticular or extraarticular. Although the distinction may appear evident, changes in periarticular tissues can mimic articular illness. Finally, are the affected joints inflamed or not? Further down the spectrum, the sharpness of the pain may be significant.
The Role of Embryologists in ART
Embryologists play a pivotal role in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), making significant contributions to the success of procedures like in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). As highly trained laboratory professionals, they handle critical stages of the reproductive process, including egg retrieval, fertilization, embryo culture, and cryopreservation. Embryologists assess egg and sperm quality, facilitate fertilization through advanced techniques, and closely monitor embryo development, ensuring optimal conditions for growth in the lab. Their expertise in embryo grading helps determine which embryos are most viable for transfer, increasing the chances of successful pregnancies.
Acute GI Bleeding – Intensivist Perspective
Hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) is a frequent, possibly fatal medical emergency that frequently results in admission to the critical care unit. In patients with gastrointestinal bleeding who are at high risk due to severe bleeding, comorbidities, or the presence of endoscopic stigmata of recent hemorrhage, the intensivist is a crucial part of the medical team. In the initial patient assessment, triage, resuscitation, specialist consultation, diagnostic evaluation, and medicinal therapy, let's examine the intensivist approach to GI hemorrhage.