Tuberculosis : Diagnosis & Management

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs but potentially spreading to other organs. Diagnosis involves sputum smear microscopy, molecular tests like GeneXpert, chest X-rays, and tuberculin skin tests. Early detection is crucial for preventing transmission and complications. Management includes a multi-drug regimen, typically involving isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for at least six months. Drug-resistant TB requires specialized treatment with second-line medications. Preventive measures include vaccination (BCG), screening high-risk populations, and ensuring treatment adherence to avoid relapse and resistance.