Case Discussion on Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable Bowel Syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by a group of symptoms rather than specific structural abnormalities. The exact cause of IBS is not fully understood, but factors such as abnormal gut motility, heightened sensitivity, and changes in gut microbiota may play a role. Common symptoms of IBS include abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhea, constipation, or alternating between both. IBS affects people of all ages, but it is most often diagnosed in individuals under 50 years old. It is more common in women than in men.

Stress, diet, hormonal changes, and certain medications can trigger or worsen IBS symptoms. The diagnosis of IBS is made based on the patient’s medical history, symptom pattern, and the exclusion of other gastrointestinal conditions. A low-FODMAP diet, which restricts certain fermentable carbohydrates, may benefit some IBS patients, especially those with bloating and gas. Fiber supplements can be helpful for constipation-predominant IBS, but they may worsen symptoms in those with diarrhea-predominant IBS. Probiotics may offer some relief for certain IBS patients by promoting a healthy gut microbiome.