विवरण
Maternal nutrition during pregnancy significantly impacts fetal growth and development. Adequate maternal intake of essential nutrients like folate, iron, and calcium is crucial for the baby's health. Proper nutrition during pregnancy helps reduce the risk of birth complications and promotes healthy birth weight. Breastfeeding is recommended as the best source of nutrition for infants up to six months, providing essential antibodies and nutrients.
Exclusive breastfeeding supports optimal growth and development during the first six months of life. Introducing complementary foods after six months, along with continued breastfeeding, ensures a balanced diet for infants. Pediatric nutrition plays a pivotal role in supporting growth, cognitive development, and immune function in children. Early exposure to a variety of foods can help prevent picky eating and foster healthy eating habits later in life. Age-appropriate portions and balanced meals with a mix of fruits, vegetables, proteins, and grains are essential for children's nutrition.
सारांश
- Maternal nutrition during pregnancy and early childhood significantly impacts long-term health, brain development, cognitive function, behavior, and educational achievements. It also influences immune function and the risk of allergies and autoimmune diseases. Preconception nutrition is more effective in preventing obesity and associated disorders than addressing them after they develop.
- Preconceptional care, involving vaccination, treatment of underlying diseases, regular exercise, and a healthy diet, is essential for women planning pregnancy. Avoiding smoking and alcohol consumption is crucial due to the risk of fetal alcohol syndrome and neural tube defects, preventable through folic acid supplementation.
- Both underweight and overweight conditions during pregnancy pose risks. Underweight mothers may deliver pre-term babies with low birth rates, while obese mothers face complications like gestational diabetes and higher perinatal mortality risks. Public health interventions should promote a healthy BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 for women of reproductive age.
- Caloric intake recommendations vary by trimester, with additional calories needed for energy, plasma development, uterus and breast enlargement, and amniotic fluid formation. The source of protein, whether vegetarian or non-vegetarian, is less important than ensuring sufficient intake. Fat intake, especially essential fatty acids, is crucial for brain development.
- Calcium, iron, vitamin D, vitamin A, folic acid, and zinc play important roles in fetal development. Specific sources should be consumed to meet daily nutrient requirements. Processed foods, sugary beverages, and fish contaminated with mercury should be limited to reduce pregnancy risks.
- Breastfeeding is the optimal nutrition for infants up to six months, offering perfect nutrients, easy digestion, infection protection, and long-term disease prevention. Exclusive breastfeeding should be prioritized, supplemented with formula only when necessary.
- Complimentary feeding should be started after six months, beginning with easily digestible foods in appropriate consistencies. Avoid adding honey, sugar, salt, or cow's milk to an infant's diet under one year of age. Timely, adequate, appropriate, and safe feeding practices are essential for optimal child nutrition. Vaccination is a must to ensure a child's safety and healthy growth.
नमूना प्रमाण पत्र
वक्ताओं के बारे में
दीपलक्ष्मी श्रीराम
Paediatric & Neonatal Nutritionist, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai
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