विवरण
The six steps to Interpret Electrocardiogram are:
1) Identify and examine the P wave.
2) Measure the PR interval
3) Measure the QRS complex
4) Determine the heart rate
5) Interpret the strip.
We interpret the electrocardiogram to know if the heart is beating too fast,too slow or irregularly,to know the heart defects, including an enlarged heart, a lack of blood flow, or birth defects or to know the problems with the heart valves.
सारांश
- The speaker outlines a 10-step approach to ECG interpretation, emphasizing that understanding the heart's electrical conduction system is crucial. They correlate the sinoatrial node depolarization (atrial) to the P-wave, ventricular depolarization to the QRS complex, and ventricular repolarization to the T-wave on the ECG.
- ECGs are recorded using limb leads (bipolar) and chest leads (unipolar), providing different perspectives of the heart's electrical activity. Limb leads form an Einthoven's triangle, with derived augmented leads (AVF, AVL, AVR). Chest leads (V1-V6) are placed at specific intercostal spaces, offering anterior and lateral views. AVR shows reversed electrical signals when placement is correct.
- Normal intervals include a PR interval of 0.12-0.22 seconds, a QRS interval of 0.06-0.12 seconds, and a QTc interval less than 450ms in females and 470ms in males. A 10-second ECG recorded at 25mm/second captures 50 large boxes of electrical activity.
- The 10 steps for ECG interpretation include rhythm, rate, cardiac axis, P-wave, PR interval, Q-wave, QRS interval, QT interval, ST segment, and T-wave. Rhythm is assessed by observing RR intervals (regular vs. irregular). Rate is calculated by counting R waves in a 10-second ECG and multiplying by six.
- Cardiac axis is determined by observing the positivity or negativity of leads one, two, and three. A normal axis lies between -30 and +90 degrees. Individual waves are then examined, starting with the P-wave (atrial depolarization), followed by the PR interval (time taken for impulse to travel from atria to ventricles).
- QRS complexes are examined for pathological Q waves (more than two small squares deep), which indicate chronic infarcts. QRS intervals longer than 0.12 seconds (more than three small squares) indicate a broad QRS complex, often seen in ventricular ectopics.
- ST segments are assessed for elevation (ST elevation MI, pericarditis) or depression (non-ST elevation MI, myocardial ischemia). The location of ST elevation helps determine the affected wall (septal, anterior, lateral, inferior). T-waves (ventricular repolarization) are normally upright in all leads except AVR and V1.
नमूना प्रमाण पत्र
वक्ताओं के बारे में
Dr Bala Sundar
Associate Director- Product and Operations, ValueMomentum
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