Description
Les troubles thyroïdiens comptent parmi les problèmes endocriniens les plus fréquents chez les femmes, notamment l'hypothyroïdie et l'hyperthyroïdie. Les femmes sont plus à risque en raison des fluctuations hormonales liées à la puberté, à la grossesse et à la ménopause. Les symptômes peuvent inclure fatigue, variations de poids, troubles de l'humeur et cycles menstruels irréguliers. Un diagnostic précoce et une prise en charge adaptée sont essentiels pour prévenir les complications telles que l'infertilité ou les problèmes cardiovasculaires. Des examens réguliers et un mode de vie sain peuvent contribuer à maintenir une santé thyroïdienne optimale.
Résumé
- Bronchiolitis, a lung infection causing inflammation of small airways, is common in children under 2, often caused by RSV virus. Symptoms include cough, wheezing, and breathing difficulty. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, and treatment focuses on supportive care like oxygen therapy and hydration. Severe cases may require hospitalization.
- In adults, bronchiolitis is less frequent and can be caused by viral infections or environmental factors like chemicals and dust. Diagnosis relies on clinical findings, symptoms, and often high-resolution CT scans. Treatment is typically supportive, with oxygen therapy, bronchodilators, and corticosteroids sometimes used.
- Small airway disease, including bronchiolitis, is characterized by inflammatory thickening of small airway walls. While bronchiolitis primarily affects the bronchioles, small airway disease encompasses all airways beyond the segmental bronchi. Acute bronchiolitis, especially in children, is often viral, while non-infective causes include aspiration, acid reflux, and toxicant inhalation.
- The pathogenesis involves stimulation of epithelial cells and macrophages, leading to release of inflammatory cells, chemokines, and cytokines. This results in airway obstruction due to inflammation and fibrosis. The clinical features include air trapping, mucus production, and atelectasis.
- Diagnosis involves routine blood work and viral panels. Treatment includes symptom management, bronchodilators, and, in severe cases, assisted respiration. Antiviral drugs such as oseltamivir for influenza and ribavirin for RSV are used in certain cases.
Exemple de certificat
À propos des intervenants
Dr. V. M. Kohli
Chirurgien cardiaque consultant principal, hôpitaux Pushpawati Singhania, New Delhi
Divulgation financière
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