Description
Semen analysis is a critical tool for evaluating male reproductive health and diagnosing infertility. Key parameters include sperm concentration, motility, morphology, volume, and pH. Normal values, based on WHO guidelines, indicate healthy sperm production and function. Deviations, such as low sperm count (oligospermia), poor motility (asthenozoospermia), or abnormal morphology (teratozoospermia), may signal underlying issues like hormonal imbalances, infections, or lifestyle factors. Proper sample collection and handling are crucial for accurate results. Interpreting semen analysis alongside clinical history and additional tests, such as hormonal profiling or genetic screening, provides a comprehensive understanding to guide treatment and improve fertility outcomes
Résumé
- Semen analysis is crucial for assessing male fertility. The process involves taking a patient's history, conducting a physical examination, and performing tests, including hormonal profiles. The physical exam includes checking the penis, scrotum, and testes size.
- The World Health Organization (WHO) manual is used to analyze semen samples, with the sixth edition released in 2021. The manual's parameters, especially morphology, have seen significant changes over time. In the 1980s, 80% of sperm were normal, but by 2010, it decreased to 4%. Vitality has also declined, with live sperm percentages decreasing.
- Semen volume has decreased over time. In the past, males ejaculated more than 2 ml, but now it is around 1.4 ml. Motility is also decreasing, indicating a decline in male fertility. It is important to address male fertility first when couples face difficulties conceiving.
- The male reproductive organs include the scrotum, penis, testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct, and urethra. The seminal vesicles contribute a major portion (60%) of the semen volume, high in fructose for sperm vitality. The prostate gland contributes 20%, giving semen its milky appearance and producing enzymes for motility.
- The testes contribute less than 5% to the semen volume. The bulbo-urethral gland and glands along the urethra contribute 10-15% of the semen volume.
- Comparing the 2010 and 2021 WHO editions, semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, and live sperm percentages have changed. Certain labs may still use older editions, being unaware of the latest guidelines.
- When analyzing a semen report, it is crucial to focus on liquefaction time, sperm concentration, motility (total and progressive), normal sperm morphology, and the presence of pus cells. High pus cell counts indicate an infected semen sample.
Exemple de certificat
À propos des intervenants
Dr. Mohammed Asif
Embryologiste principal et responsable du laboratoire de FIV, Ludhiana, Pendjab
Divulgation financière
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