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Case Discussion on Autism
Autism, a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, manifests early in childhood and is characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Its exact etiology remains unclear, but a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors likely contributes to its development. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a wide range of presentations, from mild to severe, with individuals exhibiting unique strengths and challenges. Early diagnosis and intervention, including behavioral therapy and educational support tailored to individual needs, can significantly improve outcomes and enhance the quality of life for individuals with autism. Ongoing research aims to deepen our understanding of autism's underlying mechanisms and develop more effective interventions to support affected individuals and their families.
About the Speaker
Dr. Shubham Roy
Director – Shining Stars Child Development Center, South extension-1, New Delhi
Dr. Shubham is a dedicated and highly qualified medical professional specializing in pediatrics and developmental and behavioral pediatrics. Her extensive educational background includes an MBBS and MD in Pediatrics, along with postgraduate diplomas in Developmental Neurology and Pediatric Sleep Medicine. With a wealth of experience working in various healthcare settings and a notable IAP Fellowship in Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Dr. Shubham is committed to providing comprehensive care for children's health and development. She has made significant contributions through her publications and actively participates in teaching programs and professional memberships, highlighting her commitment to the field. Her passion for raising awareness about developmental disorders further exemplifies her dedication to child healthcare and well-being. Dr. Shubham is a registered medical professional with the Delhi Medical Council, adding to her credibility and trustworthiness in her practice.
Upcoming Case Discussions
Management of Neuropathic Pain
Diabetic polyneuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by nerve damage throughout the body due to prolonged high blood sugar levels. Symptoms can vary widely, including numbness, tingling, burning pain, weakness, and loss of sensation, typically starting in the feet and gradually spreading to other areas. Diagnosis involves a thorough medical history, neurological examination, and nerve conduction studies. Management focuses on glycemic control through medications, lifestyle modifications, and pain management strategies such as analgesics, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants. Additionally, addressing risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and dyslipidemia is crucial. Regular monitoring for complications such as foot ulcers and autonomic dysfunction is essential for preventing further nerve damage and improving quality of life.
H. pylori Treatment with PYELRA®: Best Practices
PYLERA® is a medication used for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, a common cause of stomach ulcers and gastritis. It contains a combination of three active ingredients: bismuth subcitrate potassium, metronidazole, and tetracycline. This combination works synergistically to eradicate H. pylori bacteria and reduce associated symptoms. Treatment with PYLERA® typically involves taking multiple capsules four times a day for a specified duration, as prescribed by a healthcare provider. It is important to follow the treatment regimen as directed and to discuss potential side effects
Hypertension Management & Treatment Algorithms
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a serious and potentially life-threatening infection that occurs in patients who are mechanically ventilated in hospitals or intensive care units (ICUs). It arises due to the colonization of the lower respiratory tract by pathogens, often through contaminated equipment or aspiration of oral or gastric secretions. VAP is associated with prolonged hospital stays, increased morbidity and mortality rates, and significant healthcare costs. Prevention strategies include meticulous oral hygiene, elevation of the head of the bed, regular ventilator circuit changes, and judicious use of antibiotics. Diagnosis of VAP involves clinical criteria, such as new or progressive pulmonary infiltrates, along with microbiological confirmation through bronchoalveolar lavage or endotracheal aspirate cultures. Implementation of evidence-based bundles and protocols can standardize care practices and reduce the risk of VAP in critically ill patients. Despite advancements in prevention and management strategies, VAP remains a significant challenge in critical care settings, underscoring the importance of ongoing research and vigilance in combating this healthcare-associated infection.
Paraquat Poisoning
Paraquat poisoning is a medical emergency resulting from exposure to paraquat, a potent and highly toxic herbicide commonly used in agriculture. The poison can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact, and even small amounts can be lethal. Once absorbed, paraquat generates reactive oxygen species that cause extensive cellular damage, particularly in the lungs, liver, and kidneys. Initial symptoms of paraquat poisoning include severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, often with blood. As the condition progresses, it leads to respiratory distress, acute kidney injury, liver failure, and potentially fatal pulmonary fibrosis. Inhalation can cause severe lung damage, while skin contact may lead to burns and systemic toxicity if not promptly treated.Diagnosis is primarily based on the history of exposure and clinical symptoms, supported by laboratory tests that detect paraquat in blood or urine. Unfortunately, there is no specific antidote for paraquat poisoning. Treatment focuses on reducing further absorption of the toxin—typically through gastric lavage, activated charcoal, or Fuller's earth—and supportive care to manage symptoms and complications. This may include oxygen therapy, dialysis for kidney failure, and other intensive care measures.Due to its extreme toxicity and the lack of effective treatments, paraquat use is highly restricted and banned in many countries. In regions where it is still used, strict safety protocols are enforced to minimize the risk of exposure.
Pre Eclampsia Management
The management of pre-eclampsia involves careful monitoring and timely intervention to prevent complications for both the mother and the fetus. Initial management includes hospital admission for severe cases, regular monitoring of blood pressure, urine protein, and blood tests to assess kidney and liver function. Antihypertensive medications, such as labetalol or nifedipine, are used to control blood pressure, and magnesium sulfate is administered to prevent seizures. Corticosteroids may be given to accelerate fetal lung maturity if preterm delivery is anticipated. Delivery is the definitive treatment, with the timing dependent on the severity of the condition and gestational age, balancing the benefits of prolonging pregnancy against the risks of maternal and fetal complications. Postpartum follow-up is essential to monitor and manage any residual hypertension or organ dysfunction.